Prolonged breast-feeding protects mothers from later-life obesity and related cardio-metabolic disorders

Wiklund, Petri; Xu, Leiting; Lyytikäinen, Arja; Saltevo, Juha; Wang, Qin; Völgyi, Eszter; Munukka, Eveliina; Cheng, Sihang; Alén, Markku; Keinänen‐Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka

doi:10.1017/s1368980011002102

Cited by 50 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Thus, encouraging mothers to exclusively breastfeed infants for the first 6 months may be an important step in the prevention of childhood obesity. Together with being critical for the baby, EBF is also associated with weight loss or lower BMI in mothers [22]. We have earlier reported that the consumption of TFS along with PBF during lactation is an important factor responsible for higher weight retention in mothers' postpartum [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of Breastfeeding Practices and Maternal Nutrition on Baby’s Weight Gain During First 6 Months

Kajale

Chiplonkar

Khadilkar

et al. 2016

J Obstet Gynecol India

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Objective To study cross-sectionally, effect of early feeding practices and maternal nutrition, with special reference to traditional food supplements (TFSs), on baby's weight gain during first 6 months. Methods Design: Cross-sectional observational study design. Settings: Urban tertiary healthcare centre, India. Participants: One hundred and fifteen primiparous motherinfant pairs within 6 months of delivery. Outcome measures: We studied the subjects for anthropometry, feeding practices and nutrient intakes after delivery, and their baby's weights were measured, and WAZ scores from WHO Anthro software and weight gain from birth were calculated. Results Eighty per cent women from partial breastfeeding (PBF) group were either overweight or obese, while 33 % of exclusively breastfeeding (EBF) group were normal weight. To further explore relationship between TFS intakes and babies' feeding status, study population were divided into four groups based on consumption of TFS and feeding practices. General linear univariate model analysis adjusted with pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, infant age and birth weight showed highest weight gain (3.8 ± 0.3 kg) for TFS ? PBF group, than other groups such as TFS ? EBF group (2.9 ± 0.3 kg, p = 0.043) and NTS ? EBF (2.7 ± 0.3 kg, p = 0.017), though NTS ? PBF group also had lower weight gain, but this difference was not significant (3.4 ± 0.3 kg, p = 0.489). 123Conclusion Higher baby's weight gain was seen among partially breastfed babies. Rather than TFS, type of feeding affected baby weight gain to a greater extent which may increase baby's risk of obesity in future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of Breastfeeding Practices and Maternal Nutrition on Baby’s Weight Gain During First 6 Months

Kajale

Chiplonkar

Khadilkar

et al. 2016

J Obstet Gynecol India

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“…Interview 1 was carried out around week 16 (median 16; 5%, 95% percentile [11,25]) and Interview 2 around week 30 (31; [27,37]) of gestation. Interview 3 was carried out around 6 months (6; [6,8]) postpartum and Interview 4 around 18 months (19; [18,21]) postpartum. In addition, participants filled out a 360-item food-frequency questionnaire at approximately week 25 of gestation (23).…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal weight change from prepregnancy to 7 years postpartum—the influence of behavioral factors

Kirkegaard

Støvring

Rasmussen

et al. 2015

Obesity

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Objective: We studied the influence of maternal behavior on weight change from prepregnancy to 7 years postpartum. Methods: We used linear regression to study the independent and combined associations between selfreported behavior in pregnancy (dietary intake, leisure-time exercise, sedentary activity, smoking) and postpartum (breastfeeding duration and smoking) on weights at 6 months, 18 months, and 7 years postpartum. Results: Women's average 7-year weight gain was 2.07 kg, with 23% gaining >5 kg. Multivariable analyses suggested that women with healthier dietary intake, more leisure-time exercise, less sedentary behavior, and longer duration of breastfeeding on average gained 1.66 kg [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40; 1.91] with a significantly reduced odds [OR 0.56 (95% CI: 0.49; 0.64)] of gaining >5 kg from prepregnancy to 7 years postpartum compared to women with none or one of these behaviors [mean gain 3.03 kg (95% CI: 2.68; 3.39)]. Women who ceased smoking had higher long-term weight gain than nonsmokers, but not smokers. Conclusions: Adherence to healthy behaviors during pregnancy lowered long-term weight gain considerably by lowering postpartum weight retention and subsequent weight gain. Public health efforts to help mothers achieve healthy behaviors might prevent childbearing-related weight gain.

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“…Finally, breastfeeding also contributes to maternal changes in weight and fat distribution. Some studies, but not all (14,15), have found breastfeeding to be inversely associated with longterm weight (16,17) and metabolic active visceral fat .7 y after delivery (16,18,19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

How do pregnancy-related weight changes and breastfeeding relate to maternal weight and BMI-adjusted waist circumference 7 y after delivery? Results from a path analysis

Kirkegaard¹,

Støvring²,

Rasmussen³

et al. 2014

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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ABSTRACT Background: Reproduction has been related to long-term maternal weight gain, and changes in fat mass, with gestational weight gain, have been identified as an important contributor. However, the influence of weight changes during the whole reproductive cycle and the modifying effect of breastfeeding are unknown. Objective: The objective was to examine how prepregnancy weight, gestational weight gain, postpartum weight changes, and breastfeeding influence maternal weight and body mass index–adjusted waist circumference (WCBMI) 7 y after delivery. Design: This was a prospective cohort study of 23,701 women participating in the Danish National Birth Cohort with singleton births and no births during follow-up. Path analysis was used to assess the total, direct, and indirect effects; the latter was mediated through weight changes on the pathways. Results: Postpartum weight retention at 6 mo and weight gain from 6 to 18 mo postpartum were highly positively associated with both outcomes. A 1-kg increase in weight retention at 6 mo postpartum corresponded to an average increase of 0.5 kg at 7 y. Gestational weight gain was not associated with WCBMI but was positively associated with weight at 7 y; 87% of this effect was mediated through later weight changes. For both outcomes, a small inverse association was observed for breastfeeding duration. This was strongest for WCBMI, for which 97% of the effect was direct, ie, not mediated through postpartum weight. Conclusions: These findings show that postpartum weight retention at 6 mo and weight gain from 6 to 18 mo postpartum contribute equally to adverse maternal anthropometric measures 7 y after delivery. Breastfeeding duration may have a beneficial effect.

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Prolonged breast-feeding protects mothers from later-life obesity and related cardio-metabolic disorders

Cited by 50 publications

References 37 publications

Effect of Breastfeeding Practices and Maternal Nutrition on Baby’s Weight Gain During First 6 Months

Effect of Breastfeeding Practices and Maternal Nutrition on Baby’s Weight Gain During First 6 Months

Maternal weight change from prepregnancy to 7 years postpartum—the influence of behavioral factors

How do pregnancy-related weight changes and breastfeeding relate to maternal weight and BMI-adjusted waist circumference 7 y after delivery? Results from a path analysis

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