Prolongation of oxidative stress by long-lived reactive protein species induced by X-ray radiation and their genotoxic action

Abstract

The formation of long-lived reactive protein species of bovine serum albumin (BSA), ovalbumin, casein and casein hydrolyzate with a half-life of 3-5 hours was shown using chemiluminescence induced by X-ray radiation. It was found that long-lived reactive protein species are capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) (H₂O₂, OH(•), HO₂(•)¹O₂) in the aquatic environment over a long period of time in vitro. The interaction of X-ray-irradiated BSA with DNA in vitro led to the formation of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine), a biomarker of oxidative damage to DNA. Some natural antioxidants are effective scavengers of ROS (inosine, tryptophan, methionine and ascorbate). They protect DNA from the action of long-lived reactive protein species leading to ROS generation and the formation of 8-oxoguanine. The intravenous injection of X-ray radiation-induced, long-lived reactive protein species to rats, as well as the peroral and intraperitoneal administration of these products to mice, gave rise to cytogenetic injuries in the cells of their red bone marrow through the formation of micronuclei in polychromatophilic erythrocytes. The administration of the same natural antioxidants used for in vitro experiments soon after irradiation made it possible to effectively eliminate the genotoxic action of oxidative stress caused by radiation-induced, long-lived reactive protein species. Our data represent clear evidence that the oxidative damage to proteins induced by X-rays is directly involved in the induction of a response to DNA damage in rodents.

Mining Gene Expression Data for Pollutants (Dioxin, Toluene, Formaldehyde) and Low Dose of Gamma-Irradiation

“…Adverse factors can damage intracellular signaling proteins that mediate the regulation of gene expression. For example, ionizing radiation is capable of causing the formation of reactive oxygen species that damage protein, including regulatory protein [42]. Formaldehyde promotes the formation of protein-protein and DNA-protein crosslinks [43], [44].…”

The Effects of the Low Temperature Argon Plasma on Stem Cells Proliferation and Regeneration in Planarians

“…The production of the hydrogen peroxide in the water exposed to the LTAP was measured using a sensitive assay based on the enhancing of the chemiluminescence in the peroxidase–luminol– p ‐iodophenol system . The liquid scintillation counter Beta‐1 (MedApparatura, Ukraine) for measurment of the β‐radiation, which operates in the regime of counting of the single photons (without the scheme of coincidence) was served as a chemiluminometer.…”

Using of Magnetron Sputtering for Biocompatible Composites Creating

“…Sputtering of titanium and tantalum decreases the concentration of hydrogen peroxide formed by approximately 40 (6.5 ± 0.5 nM) and 60% (4.5 ± 0.3 nM), respectively, both close to the media concentration 3.2 ± 0.2 nM. By using a fluorescence probe specific to the OH radicals, coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (Aldrich, USA) [33], it was found that all types of barrier coatings decrease the amounts of these radicals formed in a 20 mM phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) on heating (80°C) for 2 h. Titanium and tantalum coatings decreased the amount of the hydroxyl radicals by about 70 and 80% (30.9 ± 2.0 and 26.1 ± 1.3 nM), respectively, in comparison with NiTi plates (120.7 ± 4.9 nM). The test systems we used showed that the titanium or tantalum surface composite layers prevent the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species.…”