Proliferative myositis in a patient with AIDS

Abstract

We report a case of proliferative myositis in the right biceps of a 56-year-old man with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Imaging methods included sonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The diagnosis was made by a core-cut biopsy and fine needle aspiration biopsy with immunohistochemical analysis. The lesion disappeared after 2 months without treatment. It is particularly important to determine whether intramuscular masses arising in patients with AIDS are due to an infectious or malignant process.

Proliferative Myositis: A Comprehensive Review of 33 Case Reports

“…10,16 Other imaging modalities, preferably magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may need to be performed. Although PM in this study appears as isointense comparing to the surrounding muscle on T1-weighted (T1w) image, 3,9,10,14,16,23,30 hypointense lesions have also been previously reported. 36,37 PM also appears as a hyperintense mass 9,10,12,14,16,28,29 with variable hypointense linear structures 12,16,25 on T2-weighted (T2w) image.…”

“…This "stripe sign" is not specific for PM and can be found in other soft tissue tumors such as myositis ossificans and granular cell tumor. 38 Upon contrast injection, the lesion usually reveals homogenous enhancement 9,12 but heterogenous enhancement can also be seen. 3,4 Positron emission tomography (PET) was also performed in some previous studies and revealed PM as a "hot spot".…”

“…31 Strong and diffuse immunopositivity for vimentin, smooth muscle actin (SMA) and muscle-specific actin (MSA) are observed in the spindle cells. 9,11,21,28,41,42 Desmin, h-caldesmon, S100 protein, myogenin, MyoD1, CD34, β-catenin, and keratin are not typically expressed. The ganglion-like cells in proliferative fasciitis and PM do not express neuroendocrine or muscle markers.…”

“…Multiple reports also noted that PM has a benign origin, and it has a tendency to regress spontaneously. 2,5,6,9,15,23 Therefore, it is reasonable to advocate for passive observation if the mass does not affect function. However, a large mass may be painful or can compress nearby structure, causing cosmetic disfiguration.…”

Proliferative myositis in the right brachioradialis: A case report

“…Although proliferative myositis grows rapidly, it is actually a benign lesion and can regress or completely resolve spontaneously. The incidence of proliferative myositis remains unknown, however recurrence is extremely rare (2). Although the cause of proliferative myositis remains unclear, a history of recent local trauma may be a risk factor, as noted in some reports (1,3,4).…”