Proliferative kidney disease in Alaskan salmonids with evidence that pathogenic myxozoans may be emerging north

Gorgoglione, Bartolomeo; Bailey, Christyn; Ferguson, Jayde A.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.03.010

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) is a widespread temperature‐dependent disorder in salmonid fishes caused by the myxozoan endoparasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Okamura et al., 2011). PKD has been recognized as an emerging disease influenced by global warming and eutrophication, causing high mortality rates in farmed salmonids (Gorgoglione et al., 2020; Hedrick et al., 1993). In fact, it is the suspected cause for several recent declines in wild salmonid populations (Burkhardt‐Holm et al., 2005; Sterud et al., 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change‐driven disease in sympatric hosts: Temporal dynamics of parasite burden and proliferative kidney disease in wild brown trout and Atlantic salmon

Lauringson

Nousiainen

Kahar

et al. 2021

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Global climate change is altering the abundance and spread of various parasites, which has important consequences not only for host–parasite interactions but also for the relationships between different host species. Here, we focus on the myxozoan endoparasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae that causes temperature‐dependent proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in salmonids. We characterized the temporal changes in the parasite load and the severity of PKD signs (renal hyperplasia, haematocrit) in two sympatric populations of wild brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). We found that both the parasite load and disease signs vary considerably between individuals, species, rivers and sampling periods. We showed that Atlantic salmon was able to slow down the initial parasite proliferation rate and subsequently tolerate high parasite burden without obvious disease signs. In contrast, the initial parasite proliferation rate was much higher in brown trout, which was followed by the development of severe PKD signs. Thus, the speed of parasite proliferation, rather than the absolute number of the parasites in the host kidney, may play an important role in interspecific variation in PKD susceptibility. To conclude, this study illustrates the usefulness of temporal perspective for understanding host defence mechanisms and climate change‐mediated impacts in the wild.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change‐driven disease in sympatric hosts: Temporal dynamics of parasite burden and proliferative kidney disease in wild brown trout and Atlantic salmon

Lauringson

Nousiainen

Kahar

et al. 2021

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…The first documented case of PKD in North America occurred at the Hagerman State Fish Hatchery in Idaho, USA in 1981. Since that time, cases have also been reported in Washington, California, Alaska, and Montana, USA and British Columbia, Canada (Hedrick et al 1993, Kent et al 1995, Gorgoglione et al 2020. The first recorded cases of PKD affecting free-ranging fish in North America occurred in a population of Yellowstone cutthroat trout in Middle Creek Reservoir in Montana during the summers of 1990 and 1991 (MacConnell and Peterson 1992).…”

Section: ) and European Whitefish (Coregonus Lavaretus;mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Declines in wild fish populations in Switzerland (Borsuk et al 2006) and Germany (Arndt et al 2019) have been linked with PKD-induced mortality. It is becoming increasingly clear that T. bryosalmonae infections are widespread, with sampling confirming infection in wild fish populations across Europe (Lewisch et al 2018) and western North America, and new cases continue to be reported (Gorgoglione et al 2020).…”

Section: ) and European Whitefish (Coregonus Lavaretus;mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of the 2016 Yellowstone River fish kill and proliferative kidney disease in wild fish populations

et al. 2021

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Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) is an emerging disease that recently resulted in a large mortality event of salmonids in the Yellowstone River (Montana, USA). Total PKD fish mortalities in the Yellowstone River were estimated in the tens of thousands, which resulted in a multi-week river closure and an estimated economic loss of US$500,000. This event shocked scientists, managers, and the public, as this was the first occurrence of the disease in the Yellowstone River, the only reported occurrence of the disease in Montana in the past 25 yr, and arguably the largest wild PKD fish kill in the world. To understand why the Yellowstone River fish kill occurred, we used molecular and historical data to evaluate evidence for several hypotheses: Was the causative parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae a novel invader, was the fish kill associated with a unique parasite strain, and/or was the outbreak caused by unprecedented environmental conditions? We found that T. bryosalmonae is widely distributed in Montana and have documented occurrence of this parasite in archived fish collected in the Yellowstone River prior to the fish kill. T. bryosalmonae had minimal phylogeographic population structure, as the DNA of parasites sampled from the Yellowstone River and distant water bodies were very similar. These results suggest that T. bryosalmonae could be endemic in Montana. Due to data limitations, we could not reject the hypothesis that the fish kill was caused by a novel and more virulent genetic strain of the parasite. Finally, we found that single-year environmental conditions are insufficient to explain the cause of the 2016 Yellowstone River PKD outbreak. Other regional rivers where we documented T. bryosalmonae had similar or even more extreme conditions than the Yellowstone River and similar or more extreme conditions have occurred in the Yellowstone River in the recent past, yet mass PKD mortalities have not been documented in either instance. We conclude by placing these results and unresolved hypotheses into the broader context of international research on T. bryosalmonae and PKD, which strongly suggests that a better understanding of bryozoans, the primary host of T. bryosalmonae, is required for better ecosystem understanding.

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“…In the UK, mortality and loss of production in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) farms due to PKD results in yearly losses of £2.5 million (Braden, Prosperi‐Porta, Kim, & Jones, 2010). In addition to rainbow trout, many other salmonid species were found susceptible (Hedrick, MacConnell, & de Kinkelin, 1993; Sudhagar, Kumar, & El‐Matbouli, 2020), most recently chum salmon ( Oncorhynchus keta ; Gorgoglione, Bailey, & Ferguson, 2020) and European whitefish ( Coregonus lavaretus ; Sobociński, Huusko, & Vasemägi, 2018). In the future, the geographical range of T. bryosalmonae is likely to expand as water temperatures increase due to climate change (Bruneaux et al., 2017; Okamura, Hartikainen, Schmidt‐Posthaus, & Wahli, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the future, the geographical range of T. bryosalmonae is likely to expand as water temperatures increase due to climate change (Bruneaux et al., 2017; Okamura, Hartikainen, Schmidt‐Posthaus, & Wahli, 2011). Many northern countries have already described cases of PKD in the wild, including Iceland (Kristmundsson, Antonsson, & Árnason, 2010), Canada (Braden et al., 2010) and recently Alaska (Gorgoglione, Bailey, & Ferguson, 2020). In the Czech Republic, T. bryosalmonae was found in an intensive aquaculture system (Palikova et al., 2017) and the following research proved its presence in wild salmonid populations (Syrova, Kovacova, Papezikova, Minarova, & Palikova, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field study indicating susceptibility differences between salmonid species and their lineages to proliferative kidney disease

Syrová

Palíková

Mendel

et al. 2020

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Proliferative kidney disease in Alaskan salmonids with evidence that pathogenic myxozoans may be emerging north

Cited by 8 publications

References 81 publications

Climate change‐driven disease in sympatric hosts: Temporal dynamics of parasite burden and proliferative kidney disease in wild brown trout and Atlantic salmon

Climate change‐driven disease in sympatric hosts: Temporal dynamics of parasite burden and proliferative kidney disease in wild brown trout and Atlantic salmon

Exploration of the 2016 Yellowstone River fish kill and proliferative kidney disease in wild fish populations

Field study indicating susceptibility differences between salmonid species and their lineages to proliferative kidney disease

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