Proliferation of lymphocyte subsets in the adult rat: a comparison of different lymphoid organs

Westermann, Jürgen; Ronneberg, Sabine; Fritz, Franz Joachim; Pabst, Reinhard

doi:10.1002/eji.1830190619

Cited by 65 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Moreover, previous observations in the adult rat had shown that T cells proliferate in the BM more than in other lymphoid organs, thymus excluded (36).…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

CD8 Cell Division Maintaining Cytotoxic Memory Occurs Predominantly in the Bone Marrow

Parretta

Cassese

Barba

et al. 2005

The Journal of Immunology

123

158

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Long-term persistence of Ag-experienced CD8 cells, a class of T lymphocytes with cytotoxic function, contributes to immunological memory against intracellular pathogens. After Ag clearance, memory CD8 cells are maintained over time by a slow proliferation, primarily cytokine driven. In this article, we show that the bone marrow (BM) is the crucial organ where such basal division of memory CD8 cells occurs. BM memory CD8 cells contain a higher percentage of proliferating cells than their corresponding cells in either spleen or lymph nodes from C57BL/6 mice. This occurs both in the case of memory-phenotype CD44high CD8 cells and in the case of Ag-specific memory CD8 cells. Importantly, the absolute number of Ag-specific memory CD8 cells dividing in the BM largely exceeds that in spleen, lymph nodes, liver, and lung taken together. In the BM, Ag-specific memory CD8 cells express lower levels of CD127, i.e., the α-chain of IL-7R, than in either spleen or lymph nodes. We interpret these results as indirect evidence that Ag-specific memory CD8 cells receive proliferative signals by IL-7 and/or IL-15 in the BM and propose that the BM acts as a saturable “niche” for the Ag-independent proliferation of memory CD8 cells. Taken together, our novel findings indicate that the BM plays a relevant role in the maintenance of cytotoxic T cell memory, in addition to its previously described involvement in long-term Ab responses.

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“…Moreover, previous observations in the adult rat had shown that T cells proliferate in the BM more than in other lymphoid organs, thymus excluded (36).…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

CD8 Cell Division Maintaining Cytotoxic Memory Occurs Predominantly in the Bone Marrow

Parretta

Cassese

Barba

et al. 2005

The Journal of Immunology

123

158

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A secondary antibody (Z259) and an alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase complex (APAAP, both Dako, Hamburg, Germany) were used with fast blue as substrate. Any BrdU that had been incorporated by the cells was detected in a second step after denaturation of the DNA using formamide/sodium hydroxide, a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against BrdU (Becton Dickinson, Heidelberg, Germany) and the immunoperoxidase method (Z259 and PAP-complex: Dako) [21]. This resulted in double labelling with subsets in blue and BrdU in brown.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Age and Breeding Conditions on the Number and Proliferation of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes in Pigs

1999

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The number and subset composition of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were studied in pigs in different age groups ranging from 1 day to 4.5 years. There were no major differences between the numbers of IEL in the jejunum and ileum. The postnatal increase of IEL largely depended on the breeding conditions: in germ-free animals there was a constant level, while in conventionally bred pigs the numbers increased more obviously than in specified pathogen-free (SPF) pigs. As the numbers of IEL can rise due to increased influx from other organs, decreased emigration, decreased apoptosis or local proliferation, the incorporation of the DNA precursor bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) by IEL was studied after different labelling protocols. There were low but definite numbers of BrdU þ IEL 1 h after BrdU, indicating in-situ proliferation in conventional animals with a tendency to a higher index in the jejunum than the ileum. Repetitive labelling protocols for 14 days resulted in 12-20% BrdU þ IEL, which may be caused by local proliferation and immigration of lymphocytes produced in other lymphoid organs as documented for the pig. Future studies need to focus on the factors regulating local proliferation and the migration of IEL in different species.

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“…28 One hour and 24 hours after BrdU injection the animals were anesthetized and exsanguinated via the abdominal aorta. Blood, both femora, and the mesenteric lymph nodes were removed for further processing.…”

Section: Identification Of Proliferating B Cells In Bone Marrow Bloomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The femora were flushed with medium and cytospots were prepared for blood and bone marrow as described. 28 Both on cytospots and on cryostat sections 2 antigens were simultaneously revealed to identify proliferating B cells as described. 29 B cells were identified using the appropriate antibodies (His14, 25 IgM, and IgD 20 ) and visualized in blue.…”

Section: Identification Of Proliferating B Cells In Bone Marrow Bloomentioning

confidence: 99%

Splenectomy of rats selectively reduces lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression on B-cell subsets in blood and lymph nodes

Milićević

Luettig

Wüstefeld

et al. 2001

Blood

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IntroductionAntigens circulating in the blood are retained in the spleen and presented to a huge number of B and T cells migrating through its different compartments. 1,2 On removal of the spleen the incidence of severe infections increases both in children and adults, 3,4 and there are changes in many immunologic parameters. 5 One lasting change is a high increase in the number of B lymphocytes in the blood, an effect that is constantly observed both in humans 6 and in experimental animals, 7,8 and that comparably affects the 2 compartments of the blood, the peripheral and the marginal pools. 9 Because it is not known whether all or only certain blood B-cell subsets increase in number after the loss of the spleen, the numbers of naïve (IgD ϩ IgM ϩ ), memory (IgD Ϫ IgM high ), newly formed (NF; IgM high CD90 high ), early recirculating follicular (ERF; IgM low CD90 high ), recirculating follicular (RF; IgM low CD90 Ϫ ), and marginal zone (MZ; IgM high CD90 Ϫ ) phenotype B cells 10 were determined in blood, lymph nodes, and bone marrow of control and splenectomized animals. In principle, the splenectomy-induced increase in blood B-cell numbers could be due to an altered migration pattern or to increased proliferation of B cells caused, for example, by a latent infection.Because migration and proliferation of B cells are regulated by surface molecules, our hypothesis was that their expression might be altered by splenectomy. Therefore, the expression of molecules involved in initial adhesion of lymphocytes to the endothelium, in transmigration through the endothelium and the tissue, and in B-cell activation within the tissue was analyzed in all B-cell subsets in blood, lymph nodes, and bone marrow (␣ 4 -integrins, CD44, L-selectin, lymphocyte function-associated antigen1 [11][12][13][14] ). The functional consequences of possible changes in surface molecule expression were tested in vitro by adhesion assays and in vivo by following the traffic of labeled B cells from blood to thoracic duct lymph. In addition, the number of proliferating B cells was determined in the bone marrow, in the B-cell area of lymph nodes, and in the blood.Our data show that loss of the spleen leads to a decrease in LFA-1 and ICAM-1 expression of B cells but not T cells in blood and lymph nodes. This accelerates the migration of B cells through lymph nodes and results in higher numbers of B cells in the thoracic duct lymph and, subsequently, in the blood. Materials and methods AnimalsNormal rats (LEW/Ztm), rats with high numbers of B cells (BH.1L/Won 15 ), and rats lacking T cells (LEW/Ztm-rnu 16 ) were obtained from the Central Animal Facility at the Medical School of Hannover and were barriermaintained in a room with controlled environment (22 Ϯ 2°C, 55% Ϯ 5% relative humidity, 12-hour light/dark cycle). SplenectomySplenectomy was performed as described previously. 3,7 The animals were kept under barrier-maintained conditions for 3 months before analysis to allow recovery from the operation and adjustment to the asplenic situation. Sh...

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Proliferation of lymphocyte subsets in the adult rat: a comparison of different lymphoid organs

Cited by 65 publications

References 34 publications

CD8 Cell Division Maintaining Cytotoxic Memory Occurs Predominantly in the Bone Marrow

CD8 Cell Division Maintaining Cytotoxic Memory Occurs Predominantly in the Bone Marrow

The Influence of Age and Breeding Conditions on the Number and Proliferation of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes in Pigs

Splenectomy of rats selectively reduces lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression on B-cell subsets in blood and lymph nodes

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