Proliferation of Keratinocytes Induced by Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on a Chitosan Scaffold and Its Role in Wound Healing, a Review

Abstract

In the field of tissue engineering and reconstruction, the development of efficient biomaterial is in high demand to achieve uncomplicated wound healing. Chronic wounds and excessive scarring are the major complications of tissue repair and, as this inadequate healing continues to increase, novel therapies and treatments for dysfunctional skin repair and reconstruction are important. This paper reviews the various aspects of the complications related to wound healing and focuses on chitosan because of its unique function in accelerating wound healing. The proliferation of keratinocytes is essential for wound closure, and adipose-derived stem cells play a significant role in wound healing. Thus, chitosan in combination with keratinocytes and adipose-derived stem cells may act as a vehicle for delivering cells, which would increase the proliferation of keratinocytes and help complete recovery from injuries.

Chitosan–tripolyphosphate nanoparticles as Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier: synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and antiulcerogenic activity

“…12,13 The biomedical applications of CS include epithelial, bone, and dental tissue regeneration, wound dressing, drug delivery, as well as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory properties. [14][15][16][17] There is strong evidence of CS nanocarrier potential for many challenging drug delivery applications. Moreover, there is also indicative data regarding CS biocompatibility, which further supports the potential use in nanomedicine.…”

Improvement of Biological Properties of Natural Hemostatic Agent by Plasma Technology

“…In fact, CS was biocompatible and non-toxic by itself, so it exhibited a high percentage of cell viability, more than 100%. CS could induce cell growth, support cell adhesion, accelerate the serum plasma and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, as well as increase the activation of platelets [17]. In addition, CS treated with Ar/O2 gas plasma is also used as a scaffold to absorb the cell-adhesive ability in some molecules such as collagen, fibronectin, vitronectin, and laminin; these molecules interact with the integrins on the Schwann cell (SC) surface to promote cell attachment and cell proliferation [11].…”

Multidisciplinary approaches to stimulate wound healing

“…The proliferative and transdifferentiative potential of MSCs has also been highlighted in tissue engineering–based applications, specifically with regard to skin graft reconstruction, where MSCs are employed either alone, as a feeder layer for keratinocytes, or seeded in combination with gelatin‐, collagen/chitosan‐, or fibrin polymer–based scaffolds . Of note, among suitable substrates, synthetic polymers have exhibited a strong ability to absorb and transport fluids and protect them from bacterial exposure . Other methods used to deliver MSCs to the wound site have included injection and topical or systemic administration, employing a range of vehicles, such as scaffolds, matrix, and human amniotic membrane grafts …”

“…[23][24][25] Of note, among suitable substrates, synthetic polymers have exhibited a strong ability to absorb and transport fluids and protect them from bacterial exposure. 26 Other methods used to deliver MSCs to the wound site have included injection and topical or systemic administration, employing a range of vehicles, such as scaffolds, matrix, and human amniotic membrane grafts. [27][28][29][30]…”