Proliferation, migration and differentiation in juvenile and adult Xenopus laevis brains

Steroid modulation of neurogenesis: Focus on radial glial cells in zebrafish

“…With the development of the thymidine analog 5-bromo2 0 -deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation technique as a tool to label newborn neurons, it clearly appeared that adult neurogenesis is not limited to mammals and birds but is a feature conserved across vertebrate evolution. The data generated with that simple and fast technique showed unambiguously that adult neurogenesis occurs in reptiles [11], amphibians [12,13], fishes [14][15][16][17] and mammals notably in humans [18][19][20]. Currently, the adult neurogenesis concept is well accepted and defined as a complex and multistep process by which functional neurons are generated from resident neural stem/progenitor cells.…”

Cytotoxic Effect of 5-Bromo-2-Deoxyuridine on Olfactory Epithelium

“…The use of BrdU exogenously administrated for proliferation, migration, cell differentiation and final fate in neural tissues studies, has broadly been used [2][3][4]. With regards to the methodologies used to analyze neurogenesis and cell lineage in the EO, BrdU incorporation is controversial and its toxicity should be considered when evaluating the results [21,22].…”

“…In 2010, Kondo [4] and co-workers injected BrdU at different stages of postnatal mice and observed chronological changes produced in BrdU-labeled cells in the OE, concluding that the use of BrdU was functional to demonstrate that it takes around 7 days for newly divided basal cells (BCs) to differentiate into mature olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) [4]. In Xenopus laevis, it was shown that intraperitoneal injections of BrdU in juvenile and adult frogs allowed monitoring cellular origin, migratory behavior and cell differentiation patterns in the brain [3].…”

“…This compound is extensively used for the study of mitosis and cell lineage, both in vitro and in vivo. The use of BrdU can be easily combined with several phenotypic markers such as those used for neuronal or glial cells [3,4].…”

Proliferation, Migration, and Survival of Cells in the Telencephalon of the Ball Python, Python Regius

“…In amphibians, Almli and Wilczynski (2007) found cell proliferation and survival after 30 days in the ACC of Hyla cinerea (American green tree frog). It has been further supported in Lithobates catesbeianus (American bullfrog) and Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog), but the final phenotype of these cells is yet to be determined (D'Amico et al, 2011;Simmons et al, 2008). In mammals, the ACC has been implicated as responsible for rewardseeking behavior and motivation (Cador et al, 1989;Knutson et al, 2001), including addiction-based behavior (Hoebel et al, 1983).…”