Proliferation, Adult Neuronal Stem Cells and Cells Migration in Pallium during Constitutive Neurogenesis and after Traumatic Injury of Telencephalon of Juvenile Masu Salmon, Oncorhynchus masou

Пущина, Е. В.; Zharikova, Eva I.; Вараксин, А. А.; Prudnikov, I. M.; Tsyvkin, V. N.

doi:10.3390/brainsci10040222

Cited by 6 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The absence of Vim+ RG in the cerebellum of juvenile O. masou differs from the data of immunolabeling in adult A. leptorhynchus [ 27 ]. However, in general, it corresponds to the distribution of Vim+ NE cells in the telencephalon and in the mesencephalic tegmentum of juvenile chum salmon [ 14 , 15 ], and also agrees with the data of IHC labeling of vimentin for D. rerio [ 6 , 21 , 22 ]. Thus, the data obtained on juvenile masu salmon confirm the opinion that the population of Vim+ neuronal precursors is heterogeneous and probably has a different IHC signature of molecular markers, characterized by age-related and interspecies differences.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Vimentin and nestin make up the cytoskeleton of NSCs and NPCs [ 50 , 51 ] and are considered as common markers of astrocytic glia in the vertebrate brain [ 29 , 50 ]. Previous studies on various parts of the brain of juvenile chum salmon, O. keta , showed that in the telencephalon [ 15 ] and the mesencephalic tegmentum [ 14 ], Vim+ cells correspond to NE precursors. The results of the study on chum salmon yearlings also showed that aNSCs/NPCs, phenotypically corresponding to RG cells, are generally not characteristic of the telencephalon and mesencephalic tegmentum of juvenile chum salmon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to the experiments, we performed a statistical analysis based on the variations in the measured parameters in our previous research [ 15 ] and determined that we needed a group of at least 4 animals to achieve the statistical confidence at 95%. To make sure that we reach a group size of 4 and, at the same time, reduce the use of animals to a minimum, we aimed for a total of 5 animals per experimental group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their ontogenesis is characterized by such phenomena as developmental delay and retention of signs of the embryonic organization of CNS which occur at the stage of active brain growth, where the morphogenesis processes are most clearly and fully expressed [ 11 ]. This feature of salmon CNS development, referred to as embrionalization, is confirmed by the presence of a large number of embryonic neuronal stem cells (NSCs) corresponding to cells of the neuroepithelial (NE) type, as well as radial glial (RG) cells corresponding to adult progenitors [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vimentin (Vim) and nestin (Nes) are currently also considered as markers of NSCs. It has been shown that in the proliferative zones of the telencephalon of juvenile O. masou [ 15 ] and the mesencephalic tegmentum of juvenile chum salmon O. keta [ 14 ], vimentin is present in NE cells and is not detected in the RG of intact animals. Studies of the immunolabeling of nestin in the tegmentum of juvenile O. keta have also shown its presence in NE cells located both in the periventricular zone (PVZ) and in the tegmental parenchyma, as well as the presence of widespread Nes+ granules in the mesencephalic reticular formation in intact juvenile chum salmon [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen Sulfide Modulates Adult and Reparative Neurogenesis in the Cerebellum of Juvenile Masu Salmon, Oncorhynchus masou

Пущина¹,

Stukaneva²,

Вараксин³

2020

IJMS

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Fish are a convenient model for the study of reparative and post-traumatic processes of central nervous system (CNS) recovery, because the formation of new cells in their CNS continues throughout life. After a traumatic injury to the cerebellum of juvenile masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou, the cell composition of the neurogenic zones containing neural stem cells (NSCs)/neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the acute period (two days post-injury) changes. The presence of neuroepithelial (NE) and radial glial (RG) neuronal precursors located in the dorsal, lateral, and basal zones of the cerebellar body was shown by the immunohistochemical (IHC) labeling of glutamine synthetase (GS). Progenitors of both types are sources of neurons in the cerebellum of juvenile O. masou during constitutive growth, thus, playing an important role in CNS homeostasis and neuronal plasticity during ontogenesis. Precursors with the RG phenotype were found in the same regions of the molecular layer as part of heterogeneous constitutive neurogenic niches. The presence of neuroepithelial and radial glia GS+ cells indicates a certain proportion of embryonic and adult progenitors and, obviously, different contributions of these cells to constitutive and reparative neurogenesis in the acute post-traumatic period. Expression of nestin and vimentin was revealed in neuroepithelial cerebellar progenitors of juvenile O. masou. Patterns of granular expression of these markers were found in neurogenic niches and adjacent areas, which probably indicates the neurotrophic and proneurogenic effects of vimentin and nestin in constitutive and post-traumatic neurogenesis and a high level of constructive metabolism. No expression of vimentin and nestin was detected in the cerebellar RG of juvenile O. masou. Thus, the molecular markers of NSCs/NPCs in the cerebellum of juvenile O. masou are as follows: vimentin, nestin, and glutamine synthetase label NE cells in intact animals and in the post-traumatic period, while GS expression is present in the RG of intact animals and decreases in the acute post-traumatic period. A study of distribution of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) in the cerebellum of intact young O. masou showed the expression of the marker mainly in type 1 cells, corresponding to NSCs/NCPs for other molecular markers. In the post-traumatic period, the number of CBS+ cells sharply increased, which indicates the involvement of H2S in the post-traumatic response. Induction of CBS in type 3 cells indicates the involvement of H2S in the metabolism of extracellular glutamate in the cerebellum, a decrease in the production of reactive oxygen species, and also arrest of the oxidative stress development, a weakening of the toxic effects of glutamate, and a reduction in excitotoxicity. The obtained results allow us to consider H2S as a biologically active substance, the numerous known effects of which can be supplemented by participation in the processes of constitutive neurogenesis and neuronal regeneration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen Sulfide Modulates Adult and Reparative Neurogenesis in the Cerebellum of Juvenile Masu Salmon, Oncorhynchus masou

Пущина¹,

Stukaneva²,

Вараксин³

2020

IJMS

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Research Advances in Neuroblast Migration in Traumatic Brain Injury

Wu,

Li,

Chen

et al. 2024

Mol Neurobiol

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Neuroblasts were first derived from the adult mammalian brains in the 1990s by Reynolds et al. Since then, persistent neurogenesis in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus and subventricular zone (SVZ) has gradually been recognized. To date, reviews on neuroblast migration have largely investigated glial cells and molecular signaling mechanisms, while the relationship between vasculature and cell migration remains a mystery. Thus, this paper underlines the partial biological features of neuroblast migration and unravels the significance and mechanisms of the vasculature in the process to further clarify theoretically the neural repair mechanism after brain injury. Neuroblast migration presents three modes according to the characteristics of cells that act as scaffolds during the migration process: gliophilic migration, neurophilic migration, and vasophilic migration. Many signaling molecules, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), affect vasophilic migration, synergistically regulating the migration of neuroblasts to target areas along blood vessels. However, the precise role of blood vessels in the migration of neuroblasts needs to be further explored. The in-depth study of neuroblast migration will most probably provide theoretical basis and breakthrough for the clinical treatment of brain injury diseases. Graphical Abstract

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Mechanical Brain Injury Increases Cells’ Production of Cystathionine β-Synthase and Glutamine Synthetase, but Reduces Pax2 Expression in the Telencephalon of Juvenile Chum Salmon, Oncorhynchus keta

Пущина

Zharikova

Вараксин

2021

IJMS

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The considerable post-traumatic brain recovery in fishes makes them a useful model for studying the mechanisms that provide reparative neurogenesis, which is poorly represented in mammals. After a mechanical injury to the telencephalon in adult fish, lost neurons are actively replaced due to the proliferative activity of neuroepithelial cells and radial glia in the neurogenic periventricular zone. However, it is not enough clear which signaling mechanisms are involved in the activation of adult neural stem cells (aNSC) after the injury (reactive proliferation) and in the production of new neurons (regenerative neurogenesis) from progenitor cells (NPC). In juvenile Pacific salmon, the predominant type of NSCs in the telencephalon are neuroepithelial cells corresponding to embryonic NSCs. Expression of glutamine synthetase (GS), a NSC molecular marker, was detected in the neuroepithelial cells of the pallium and subpallium of juvenile chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta. At 3 days after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in juvenile chum salmon, the GS expression was detected in the radial glia corresponding to aNSC in the pallium and subpallium. The maximum density of distribution of GS+ radial glia was found in the dorsal pallial region. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a proneurogenic factor that reduces oxidative stress and excitotoxicity effects, along with the increased GS production in the brain cells of juvenile chum salmon. In the fish brain, H2S producing by cystathionine β-synthase in neurogenic zones may be involved in maintaining the microenvironment that provides optimal conditions for the functioning of neurogenic niches during constitutive neurogenesis. After injury, H2S can determine cell survivability, providing a neuroprotective effect in the area of injury and reducing the process of glutamate excitotoxicity, acting as a signaling molecule involved in changing the neurogenic environment, which leads to the reactivation of neurogenic niches and cell regeneration programs. The results of studies on the control of the expression of regulatory Sonic Hedgehog genes (Shh) and the transcription factors Paired Box2 (Pax2) regulated by them are still insufficient. A comparative analysis of Pax2 expression in the telencephalon of intact chum salmon showed the presence of constitutive patterns of Pax2 expression in neurogenic areas and non-neurogenic parenchymal zones of the pallium and subpallium. After mechanical injury, the patterns of Pax2 expression changed, and the amount of Pax2+ decreased (p < 0.05) in lateral (Dl), medial (Dm) zones of the pallium, and the lateral zone (Vl) of the subpallium compared to the control. We believe that the decrease in the expression of Pax2 may be caused by the inhibitory effect of the Pax6 transcription factor, whose expression in the juvenile salmon brain increases upon injury.

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Proliferation, Adult Neuronal Stem Cells and Cells Migration in Pallium during Constitutive Neurogenesis and after Traumatic Injury of Telencephalon of Juvenile Masu Salmon, Oncorhynchus masou

Cited by 6 publications

References 61 publications

Hydrogen Sulfide Modulates Adult and Reparative Neurogenesis in the Cerebellum of Juvenile Masu Salmon, Oncorhynchus masou

Hydrogen Sulfide Modulates Adult and Reparative Neurogenesis in the Cerebellum of Juvenile Masu Salmon, Oncorhynchus masou

Research Advances in Neuroblast Migration in Traumatic Brain Injury

Mechanical Brain Injury Increases Cells’ Production of Cystathionine β-Synthase and Glutamine Synthetase, but Reduces Pax2 Expression in the Telencephalon of Juvenile Chum Salmon, Oncorhynchus keta

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