Proliferating pilomatricoma in a 9‐year‐old girl

Abstract

Proliferating pilomatricoma is a rare, benign tumor of hair matrix origin that rarely occurs in children. We report the case of a 9-year-old girl with a rapidly growing, proliferating pilomatricoma located on the glabella. The lesion was embolized and surgically excised, with histopathological examination of the tissue confirming the diagnosis of proliferating pilomatricoma.

A rapidly growing tumour over arm in a middle-aged man

“…Proliferating pilomatricomas usually arise in the fourth to eighth decades of life; 2 although the youngest reported patient was nine years of age. 3 Kaddu et al described proliferating pilomatricomas being more common in the older age group, larger in size, demonstrating matricial cells more than shadow cells, showing atypia, necrosis and a greater number of mitoses (mean value of six mitoses/highpower field was reported) on histopathology compared to ordinary pilomatricomas. 1 Our patient showed clinical as well as histopathological features consistent with proliferating pilomatricoma.…”

Pilomatrixoma Recurring as Giant Form

“…Pilomatrixoma is a benign skin tumor that originates from the hair follicle matrix [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. It frequently has a bimodal distribution, with children and young adults having a higher prevalence [1,5,6]. Its frequency is reported as 1:1000 skin biopsies [5] or 1% of all benign skin biopsies [6,9].…”

“…Since its origin is located superficially, there is usually no adherence to deeper fascias, but its surface can appear reddish/bluish and even ulcerated. Size-wise, it ranges from 0.5 cm to 3 cm [1,2,5,6,8,10], but lesions with a diameter of 34 cm have been described [8]. Therefore, masses larger than 4 cm are classified as "giants" [2,5].…”

“…Other classifications include bullous, perforating/ulcerated, anetodermic, lymphangiectatic, pigmented, and familial [2,3,6,9]. Some syndromes are associated with multiple pilomatrixomas, namely Gardner syndrome, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, myotonic dystrophy, Kabuki syndrome, trisomy 9, Turner syndrome, and Sotos syndrome [1,3,6,8,9]. Although Turner syndrome and myotonic dystrophy represent the most frequent genetic associations with 42% of cases, no genetic anomalies have yet been established for familial pilomatrixoma [3].…”

“…Due to its unspecific presentation, clinical diagnosis is difficult and often misleading. Differential diagnoses include benign and malignant skin tumors, sebaceous cysts, folliculitis, pyogenic granuloma, arteriovenous malformation, lymphoma, and dermatofibroma [1,[3][4][5][6]. When located in the preauricular area, entities such as benign and malignant parotid neoplasms must be considered because of their clinical resemblance, particularly if the facial nerve is affected due to compression.…”