Prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in children with gynecomastia, premature thelarche and idiopathic precocious puberty.

Abe, Kazuo; Matsuura, Nobuo; Nohara, Yoshitsugu; Fujita, Hiroko; Fukui, Kenji; Katō, Takako; Mikami, Yuhei

doi:10.1620/tjem.142.283

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…4C), as previously reported (22). Gynecomastia is characterized by altered levels of steroid hormones and their receptors ( 23), as well as TRHmediated prolactin levels (24); among other genes, TRH expression in breast differed between males with and without gynecomastia (Fig. 4D; P = 2.20e-14).…”

Section: Sex Differences In Tissue Cell Type Compositionsupporting

confidence: 84%

The impact of sex on gene expression across human tissues

Oliva

Muñoz-Aguirre

Kim-Hellmuth

et al. 2021

ESPE

106

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Many complex human phenotypes exhibit sex-differentiated characteristics, however the underlying molecular mechanisms of these differences remain largely unknown. Here, we present an extensive catalog of both sex differences in gene expression and its genetic regulation across 44 human tissue sources surveyed by GTEx (v8 release). We demonstrate that sex strongly influences gene expression levels and cellular composition of tissue samples across the human body. The effect of sex on gene expression is widespread, with a total of 37% of all genes exhibiting sex-biased expression in at least one tissue. This suggests that many if not most biological processes, and thus complex traits and diseases, are impacted by sex effects on the transciptome. We expand the identification of cis-eQTLs with sex-differentiated effects and characterize their cellular origin. By integrating sex-biased eQTLs with genome-wide association study data, we identify 58 gene-trait associations that are driven by genetic regulation in a single sex, including novel associations not detected with sex-agnostic approaches. Altogether we provide the most comprehensive characterization of sex differences in the human transcriptome and its regulation to date.

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Section: Sex Differences In Tissue Cell Type Compositionsupporting

confidence: 84%

The impact of sex on gene expression across human tissues

Oliva

Muñoz-Aguirre

Kim-Hellmuth

et al. 2021

ESPE

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Radiologische Diagnostik der Mamma

Säbel¹,

Barth²,

Lukas³

et al. 1989

Weibliches Genitale Mamma · Geburtshilfe

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Relationship between prolactin level and puberty in girls with early breast development

Lee

2022

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Objectives Prolactin (PRL) stimulates the mammary glands development; however, it also inhibits gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. We evaluated the relationship between PRL levels and puberty in girls with precocious breast development. Methods This study included 244 girls with breast development < 8 years of age. Patients were categorized as central precocious puberty (CPP) [peak luteinizing hormone (LH) levels ≥ 5 IU/L after GnRH stimulation] versus non-CPP (NPP) group. High PRL was defined as serum PRL > 17.9 ng/mL. Results High PRL was more common in NPP than in CPP group (17.6 vs. 8.1%, p=0.025), although mean PRL levels did not differ. In NPP group, the high PRL group had lower peak LH/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio, and later LH peak time after GnRH stimulation than normal PRL group (all p < 0.05). PRL levels of the subgroups according to the peak LH time (15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 min after GnRH stimulation) were different in NPP group, but not in CPP group. PRL levels tended to be higher as the peak LH time was delayed. High PRL was associated with decreased odds for CPP (OR=0.42, p=0.043). Conclusions Girls with NPP showed higher proportion of high PRL than CPP group. High PRL group showed more features of prepubertal response in NPP group, and associated with decreased odds for CPP, suggesting the possibility of PRL role on breast development while suppressing hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis activation in NPP girls.

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Prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in children with gynecomastia, premature thelarche and idiopathic precocious puberty.

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

The impact of sex on gene expression across human tissues

The impact of sex on gene expression across human tissues

Radiologische Diagnostik der Mamma

Relationship between prolactin level and puberty in girls with early breast development

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