Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) increases prolactin responses to TRH in vitro and in vivo

Spuch, Carlos; Diz-Chaves, Yolanda; Pérez-Tilve, Diego; Álvarez-Crespo, Mayte; Mallo, Federico

doi:10.1007/s12020-007-0031-x

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…While this finding has been generally verified in several other studies in rats [74][75][76], sheep [77] and humans [78], it is noteworthy that the potency of PrRP is generally slightly less than that of thyrotropin-releasing hormone [74,75,77]. PrRP was shown in one study to markedly increase the prolactin responsiveness to thyrotropin-releasing hormone [79]. Others, however, have reported no effects in primary pituitary culture experiments at lower than μM doses in either sex of rats [14,63,74].…”

Section: Prolactin-releasing Peptide (Prrp)mentioning

confidence: 58%

Pituitary Actions of RFamide Peptides: A Critique of the Evidence

Anderson¹

2011

TONEUROEJ

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RFamides are a relatively recently-discovered class of peptides characterised by an arginine-phenylalanineamide at their C terminus. In mammals, all of the five known RFamide families (neuropeptide FFs, prolactin-releasing peptides, RFamide-related peptides, kisspeptins and pyroglutamylated RFs) were originally discovered as neuropeptides influencing central nervous system functions such as reproduction, feeding behavior and nociception; however presence of their G-protein-coupled receptors in the pituitary gland has led to speculation that they also influence the function of this gland by either autocrine/paracrine or neuroendocrine mechanisms. In support of such actions, prolactin-releasing peptide is produced locally within the pituitary gland, and pulses of neuropeptide FF are secreted into blood from nerve terminals in the posterior pituitary lobe originating from the hypothalamus. In contrast, it is argued that the balance of experimental evidence does not yet support such roles for RFamide-related peptides, kisspeptins and pyroglutamylated RF peptides due to their absence or scarcity in the neurosecretory zone of the median eminence, blood and pituitary tissue. In some cases, assignment of functional nomenclature has been based on inconclusive evidence of the proposed function, causing confusion in the field. To resolve these issues it will be important to compare the peptide concentrations required to elicit pituitary effects with those found in portal and peripheral blood and in pituitary tissue. To date this has only been systematically done for kisspeptin, for which the portal blood concentration was found to be several orders of magnitude lower than that which stimulated gonadotrophin release from primary pituitary cell cultures.

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Section: Prolactin-releasing Peptide (Prrp)mentioning

confidence: 58%

Pituitary Actions of RFamide Peptides: A Critique of the Evidence

Anderson¹

2011

TONEUROEJ

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“…A direct prolactin-releasing effect of PrRP in mammals has, however, been questioned because no PrRP immunoreactive fibers were observed in the median eminence where classical hypophysiotropic hormones are released (Maruyama et al 1999). This, together with the discovery that prolactin positive cells in the human pituitary do not co-localize with the PrRP receptor (Abe et al 2003) and the finding that PrRP increases prolactin responses to TRH (Spuch et al 2007), but itself does not significantly increase prolactin secretion in primary rat pituitary cells (Samson et al 1998), has suggested that prolactin release is probably not a primary function of PrRP (Taylor & Samson 2001). The presence of PrRP in hypothalamic nuclei implicated in maintaining energy balance suggested that it plays a role in food intake and weight regulation (Lawrence et al 2000).…”

Section: Prrp In Experimental Models Of Ad-like Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of anorexigenic peptides in experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease pathology

Maletı́nská

Popelová

Železná

et al. 2019

Journal of Endocrinology

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly population. Numerous epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that patients who suffer from obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of cognitive dysfunction and AD. Several recent studies demonstrated that food intake-lowering (anorexigenic) peptides have the potential to improve metabolic disorders and that they may also potentially be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the neuroprotective effects of anorexigenic peptides of both peripheral and central origins are discussed. Moreover, the role of leptin as a key modulator of energy homeostasis is discussed in relation to its interaction with anorexigenic peptides and their analogs in AD-like pathology. Although there is no perfect experimental model of human AD pathology, animal studies have already proven that anorexigenic peptides exhibit neuroprotective properties. This phenomenon is extremely important for the potential development of new drugs in view of the aging of the human population and of the significantly increasing incidence of AD.

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“…A direct prolactin-releasing effect of PrRP in mammals has, however, been questioned because no PrRP immunoreactive fibers were observed in the median eminence where classical hypophysiotropic hormones are released (Maruyama et al 1999). This, together with the discovery that prolactin-positive cells in the human pituitary do not colocalize with the PrRP receptor (Abe et al 2003) and the finding that PrRP increases prolactin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (Spuch et al 2007), but itself does not significantly increase prolactin secretion in primary rat pituitary cells (Samson et al 1998), has suggested that prolactin release is probably not a primary function of PrRP (Jarry et al 2000, Taylor & Samson 2001.…”

Section: Prolactin-releasing Peptide In Food Intake Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin-releasing peptide: a new tool for obesity treatment

Kuneš

Pražienková

Popelová

et al. 2016

Journal of Endocrinology

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Obesity is an escalating epidemic, but an effective noninvasive therapy is still scarce. For obesity treatment, anorexigenic neuropeptides are promising tools, but their delivery from the periphery to the brain is complicated because peptides have a low stability and limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we summarize results of several studies with our newly designed lipidized analogs of prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP). PrRP is involved in feeding and energy balance regulation as demonstrated by obesity phenotypes of both PrRP-and PrRP-receptor-knockout mice. Lipidized PrRP analogs showed binding affinity and signaling in PrRP receptor-expressing cells similar to natural PrRP. Moreover, these analogs showed high binding affinity also to anorexigenic neuropeptide FF (NPFF)-2 receptor. Acute peripheral administration of myristoylated and palmitoylated PrRP analogs to mice and rats induced strong and long-lasting anorexigenic effects and neuronal activation in the brain areas involved in food intake regulation. Two-week-long subcutaneous administration of palmitoylated PrRP31 and myristoylated PrRP20 lowered food intake, body weight, improved metabolic parameters and attenuated lipogenesis in mice with diet-induced obesity. A strong anorexigenic, body weight-reducing and glucose tolerance-improving effect of palmitoylated-PrRP31 was shown also in diet-induced obese rats after its repeated 2-week-long peripheral administration. Thus, the strong anorexigenic and body weight-reducing effects of palmitoylated PrRP31 and myristoylated PrRP20 make these analogs attractive candidates for antiobesity treatment. Moreover, PrRP receptor might be a new target for obesity therapy.

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Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) increases prolactin responses to TRH in vitro and in vivo

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Pituitary Actions of RFamide Peptides: A Critique of the Evidence

Pituitary Actions of RFamide Peptides: A Critique of the Evidence

The impact of anorexigenic peptides in experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease pathology

Prolactin-releasing peptide: a new tool for obesity treatment

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