Prolactin receptors on large granular lymphocytes: Dual regulation by cyclosporin A

Matera, Lina; Muccioli, Giampiero; Cesano, Alessandra; Bellussi, G; Genazzani, E

doi:10.1016/0889-1591(88)90001-3

Cited by 78 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The possibility of direct PRL effects on the immune system is indicated by the detection of high affinity PRLRs on human monocytes, T cells, B cells (Russell et al, 1985) and NK cells (Matera et al, 1988). Several in vitro effects of PRL on rodent or human leukocytes have been reported.…”

Section: Prior To 1987mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein hormones and immunity

Kelley

Weigent

Kooijman³

2007

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

189

117

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A number of observations and discoveries over the past 20 years support the concept of important physiological interactions between the endocrine and immune systems. The best known pathway for transmission of information from the immune system to the neuroendocrine system is humoral in the form of cytokines, although neural transmission via the afferent vagus is well documented also. In the other direction, efferent signals from the nervous system to the immune system are conveyed by both the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous systems. Communication is possible because the nervous and immune systems share a common biochemical language involving shared ligands and receptors, including neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, growth factors, neuroendocrine hormones and cytokines. This means that the brain functions as an immune-regulating organ participating in immune responses. A great deal of evidence has accumulated and confirmed that hormones secreted by the neuroendocrine system play an important role in communication and regulation of the cells of the immune system. Among protein hormones, this has been most clearly documented for prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), but significant influences on immunity by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) have also been demonstrated. Here we review evidence obtained during the past 20 years to clearly demonstrate that neuroendocrine protein hormones influence immunity and that immune processes affect the neuroendocrine system. New findings highlight a previously undiscovered route of communication between the immune and endocrine systems that is now known to occur at the cellular level. This communication system is activated when inflammatory processes induced by proinflammatory cytokines antagonize the function of a variety of hormones, which then causes endocrine resistance in both the periphery and brain. Homeostasis during inflammation is achieved by a balance between cytokines and endocrine hormones.

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Section: Prior To 1987mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein hormones and immunity

Kelley

Weigent

Kooijman³

2007

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

189

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, it remains uncertain whether estrogen acts directly on lymphoid cells or whether the effects of estrogen on the immune system are indirect. Because estrogen is a physiological prolactin-stimulating agent (9), and because prolactin receptors have been demonstrated on both T and B lymphocytes (10)(11)(12)(13), it is possible that the effects of estrogen are at least partially mediated through prolactin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bromocriptine restores tolerance in estrogen-treated mice

Peeva¹,

Grimaldi²,

Spatz³

et al. 2000

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…PRL receptors are present on normal human B and T lymphocytes, monocytes (11), and natural killer cells (12). In vitro, costimulation with PRL has been reported to enhance lectin and alloantigen mitogenic responses by 30-80% (13,14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin-immunoglobulin G complexes from human serum act as costimulatory ligands causing proliferation of malignant B lymphocytes.

Walker

Montgomery

Saraiya

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Several lines of evidence indicate that immunoglobulin-bound prolactin found in human serum is not a conventional complex between an anti-prolactin antibody and prolactin but a different type of association of prolactin with the Fab portion of IgG heavy chains. The complex of prolactin with IgG was purified from serum by anti-human prolactin affinity chromatography and was shown to contain close to 1 mole of N8-(ryglutamyl)lysine crosslinks per mole of complex, a characteristic feature in structures crosslinked by transglutaminase. Interestingly, the complex caused a proliferation of cells from a subset of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, while it was inactive in a cell proliferation prolactin bioassay. By contrast, human prolactin stimulated the proliferation of cells in the bioassay but had no effect on the complex-responsive cells from the patients. Competition studies with prolactin and free Fc fragment of IgG demonstrated a necessity for engaging both the prolactin and the immunoglobulin receptors for proliferation. More importantly, competition for the growth response by free prolactin and IgG suggests both possible reasons for the slow growth of this neoplasm as well as avenues for control of the disease.

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Prolactin receptors on large granular lymphocytes: Dual regulation by cyclosporin A

Cited by 78 publications

References 29 publications

Protein hormones and immunity

Protein hormones and immunity

Bromocriptine restores tolerance in estrogen-treated mice

Prolactin-immunoglobulin G complexes from human serum act as costimulatory ligands causing proliferation of malignant B lymphocytes.

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