Prolactin (PRL) in Adipose Tissue: Regulation and Functions

Ben‐Jonathan, Nira; Hugo, Eric R.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12114-7_1

Cited by 68 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…Physiological mechanisms related to lactation that could increase LST need further study, but hormones such as oxytocin and prolactin are likely contributors (30) . A growing body of evidence suggests that oxytocin is important in regulating energy balance (31) . Furthermore, in a study of female athletes, Lawson et al (32) , noted that oxytocin secretion was positively associated with resting energy expenditure in athletes but not in non-athletes and suggested that oxytocin may have particular importance in energy-deficient states; this could perhaps, for some women, be throughout lactation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectory and determinants of change in lean soft tissue over the postpartum period

et al. 2018

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The aim of this study was to characterise changes in lean soft tissue (LST) and examine the contributions of energy intake, physical activity and breast-feeding practices to LST changes at 3 and 9 months postpartum. We examined current weight, LST (via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), dietary intake (3-d food diary), physical activity (Baecke questionnaire) and breast-feeding practices (3-d breast-feeding diary) in forty-nine women aged 32·9 (sd 3·8) years. Changes in LST varied from -2·51 to +2·50 kg with twenty-nine women gaining LST (1·1 (sd 0·7) kg, P<0·001) and twenty women losing LST (-0·9 (sd 0·8) kg, P<0·001). Energy intake (133 (SD 42) v. 109 (SD 33) kJ/kg, P=0·019) and % kJ from fat at 3 months postpartum was higher in women who gained LST at 9 months postpartum (gained LST=34 (sd 5) % kJ; lost LST=29 (sd 4) % kJ, P=0·002). Women who gained LST reported breast-feeding their infants more frequently (gained LST=8 (sd 3) feeds/d; lost LST=5 (sd 1) feeds/d, P=0·014) and for more time per d (gained LST=115 (sd 78) min/d; lost LST=59 (sd 34) min/d, P=0·016) at 9 months postpartum. Energy intake and % kJ from fat at 3 months were significant predictors of LST gain (β=0·08 (se 0·04) and 0·24 (se 0·09), respectively). This suggests that gain in LST may be associated with more frequent and longer episodes of breast-feeding at 9 months postpartum as well as dietary intake early in the postpartum period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectory and determinants of change in lean soft tissue over the postpartum period

et al. 2018

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“…Animal studies have demonstrated that PRL is implicated in appetite regulation, body weight, and fat deposition [122]. PRL is involved in the development of pancreatic β-cells and has also been postulated to have functional importance in the adult pancreas [123].…”

Section: Metabolic Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperprolactinaemia

Samperi

Lithgow

Karavitaki

2019

JCM

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Hyperprolactinaemia is one of the most common problems in clinical endocrinology. It relates with various aetiologies (physiological, pharmacological, pathological), the clarification of which requires careful history taking and clinical assessment. Analytical issues (presence of macroprolactin or of the hook effect) need to be taken into account when interpreting the prolactin values. Medications and sellar/parasellar masses (prolactin secreting or acting through "stalk effect") are the most common causes of pathological hyperprolactinaemia. Hypogonadism and galactorrhoea are well-recognized manifestations of prolactin excess, although its implications on bone health, metabolism and immune system are also expanding. Treatment mainly aims at restoration and maintenance of normal gonadal function/fertility, and prevention of osteoporosis; further specific management strategies depend on the underlying cause. In this review, we provide an update on the diagnostic and management approaches for the patient with hyperprolactinaemia and on the current data looking at the impact of high prolactin on metabolism, cardiovascular and immune systems.

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“…density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) [9][10][11][12][13]. It has been suggested that hyperprolactinemia induces hyperphagia leading to obesity [14,15], and that prolactin directly regulates enzymes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in target organs [16].…”

Section: Hyperprolactinemia and The Association With All-cause Mortalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperprolactinemia and the Association with All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Mortality

et al. 2017

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Hyperprolactinemia has been suspected to increase mortality risk, but the available data are conflicting. The objective of this study was to estimate the association between hyperprolactinemia and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among patients referred for assessment of prolactin. For this study, adults with no prio pituitary disease who underwent prolactin assessment at 3 university Hospitals in Denmark between 2001 and 2011 were included in a retrospective cohort study. A total of 3 633 patients with a median follow-up time of 5.3 years (IQR 2.7-5.7) were included. Mean (SD) age 39.7 (15.5) years and 78% female. 373/3 633 (10.3%) had hyperprolactinemia and during follow-up 330/3 633 (9.1%) patients died of any cause, and 113/3 633 (3.1%) patients died of cardiovascular causes. In males, hyperprolactinemia was associated with age-adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 1.86 for all-cause mortality (95% CI 1.22-2.82) and 2.55 (95% CI 1.43-4.55) for cardiovascular mortality. The IRR for all-cause mortality was reduced to 1.37 (0.90-2.08) when adjusted for the use of antipsychotic medication. The association between hyperprolactinemia and cardiovascular mortality remained after adjusting for confounders, for example, chronic renal failure, diabetes, and antipsychotic medication. In females, hyperprolactinemia was not associated with all-cause mortality (IRR 1.45; CI 0.86-2.47) or cardiovascular mortality (IRR 0.58; CI 0.14-2.39). In conclusion, hyperprolactinemia was associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in male patients. This association was not found in female patients. Focus on increased cardiovascular risk in males with hyperprolactinemia is warranted.

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Prolactin (PRL) in Adipose Tissue: Regulation and Functions

Cited by 68 publications

References 127 publications

Trajectory and determinants of change in lean soft tissue over the postpartum period

Trajectory and determinants of change in lean soft tissue over the postpartum period

Hyperprolactinaemia

Hyperprolactinemia and the Association with All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Mortality

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