Prolactin modifies the in vitro LPS‐induced chemotactic capabilities in human fetal membranes at the term of gestation

Abstract

Problem: Immune responses of fetal membranes involve the production of chemoattractant mediators causing infiltration of maternal and fetal leukocytes, intrauterine inflammation and potentially the disruption of maternal-fetal tolerance. Prolactin (PRL) has deep immunoregulatory effects in the fetal-maternal interface. We aimed to test the in vitro PRL effect upon chemotactic capacities of human fetal membranes. Method ofStudy: Fetal membranes and umbilical cord blood were collected from healthy non-laboring caesarean deliveries at term. Fetal membranes were cultured in Transwell® frames to mimic the barrier function between choriodecidual and amniotic sides. Tissues were treated with PRL, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or both simultaneously. Then, RANTES, MCP-1, MIP-1α, IP-10, and PECAM-1 were quantified in a conditioned medium by choriodecidual or amniotic sides. The chemotaxis of subsets of migrating mononuclear cells from umbilical cord blood was evaluated in a Boyden Chamber in response to the conditioned medium by both sides. Results: Lipopolysaccharide stimulates the production of RANTES, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and PECAM-1 in choriodecidua, while MIP-1α and PECAM-1 only increase in amnion.PRL decrease RANTES, MCP-1, and MIP-1 only in choriodecidua, but PECAM-1 was decreased mainly in amnion. The leukocyte migration was regulated significantly in response to the conditioned medium by the amnion, increase in the conditioned medium after LPS treatment, contrary with, the leukocyte migration decreased in a significant manner in response to conditioned medium after PRL and LPS-PRL cotreatment. Finally, T cells were the most responsive subset of cells.Conclusions: Prolactin modified in a tissue-specific manner the chemotactic factor and the leukocyte migration differentially in fetal membranes.

Prolactin Protects the Structural Integrity of Human Fetal Membranes by Downregulating Inflammation-induced Secretion of Matrix Metalloproteinases

“…Finally, and based on the present and previous results obtained by our group, we can support that PRL can modulate the upstream pro-inflammatory and pro-chemotactic response (Flores-Espinosa et al 2017Núñez-Sánchez et al 2021) and the downstream "second wave" led by MMPs.…”

Fetal inflammatory response at the fetomaternal interface: A requirement for labor at term and preterm*

“…Relaxin induces chorionic trophoblast and decidual cell production of uterotonic inflammatory cytokines 207 . Similarly, in vitro models have shown that prolactin causes increased chemotaxis at the choriodecidual junction 208 . Elevation of proinflammatory gene expression has also been reported in the choriodecidual region in spontaneous labor; however, increases in anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 production in response to various infectious agents have also been reported at the choriodecidual junction 209,210 .…”

The Role of Chicken Prolactin, Growth Hormone and Their Receptors in the Immune System

“…Different doses of ovine PRL were used to treat chicken bursa of fabricius cells, and all doses of PRL increase the mitotic activity of cells, and the lowest dosage of PRL is most effective (Bhat et al, 1983 ). Moreover, PRL modified the difference in the chemotactic factor and the leukocyte migration of fetal membranes in a tissue-specific manner (Núñez-Sánchez et al, 2021 ). Our previous results showed that pre-incubating DF-1 cells with PRL before ALV-J infection elicits the best antiviral effects regardless of dose in vitro (Mo et al, 2021 ).…”