Prolactin is Expressed in Uterine Leiomyomas and Promotes Signaling and Fibrosis in Myometrial Cells

DiMauro, Alessandra; Seger, Christina; Minor, Briaunna; Amitrano, Andrea M.; Okeke, Ifunanya; Taya, Manisha; Rackow, A.R.; Kumar, Divya P.; Kottman, R Matthew; Bhagavath, Bala; Hammes, Stephen R.

doi:10.1007/s43032-021-00741-w

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This discrepancy in conclusions might be due to the difference in regions. In addition, elevated blood pressure is positively associated with UF in a prospective study ( 5 ). Thus, UF and hypertension might influence and make cause and affect each other, which possibly suggests a similar clinical risk in these two diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the role of uterine fibroids in promotion of cardiovascular diseases by diabetes exposure: Findings from national health and nutrition examination survey 1999–2006

Yuan

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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ObjectiveThe relationship between uterine fibroids (UF) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in the diabetes population seemed to remain undetermined in previous studies. This study aims to explore the association between UF and CVDs by using the database from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). To further evaluate the connection between UF and CVDs we also tested the potential differences due to diabetes exposure.Materials and methodsNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (1999–2006) were collected and used in this study. A total of 5,509 individuals were included and analyzed. The student’s t-test and the chi-squared test were used to explore the demographic characteristic between UF and non-UF groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the odds ratios of UF and covariates.ResultsFemale participants were divided into UF (n = 694, 12.60%) and non-UF (n = 4,815, 87.40%) groups. The incidence of CVDs in UF patients (n = 245, 35.30%) were higher than non-UF individuals (n = 776, 16.12%) (p < 0.001). In addition, each subtype of CVDs were also different, which contains hypertension (33.29 vs. 15.31%, p < 0.001), heart failure (1.59 vs. 0.52%, p < 0.01), angina (2.59 vs. 0.62%, p < 0.001), heart attack (1.73 vs. 0.58%, p < 0.01) and coronary heart disease (1.44 vs. 0.54%, p < 0.01). The odds ratios of CVDs according to logistic regression were 2.840 (95% CI: 2.387–3.379) for UF patients (p < 0.001), while the odds ratios (ORs) were 1.438 (95% CI: 1.175–1.760) after taking account for the age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, race, education, and annual family income (p < 0.001). In addition, secondary analysis indicated more adverse effects in by UF exposure on CVDs risk among non-diabetes individuals (OR = 1.389, 95% CI = 1.124–1.718, p < 0.01) than diabetes patients (p = 0.063).ConclusionOverall, UFs were positively associated with CVDs, and this effect seems blunted by diabetes exposure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the role of uterine fibroids in promotion of cardiovascular diseases by diabetes exposure: Findings from national health and nutrition examination survey 1999–2006

Yuan

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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“…They are diagnosed in 20%-25% of women of reproductive age and in 30%-40% of women older than 40 years (3)(4)(5). They originate from the clonal expansion of a smooth muscle cell stimulated by estrogen and progesterone (6,7). Myomas may grow asymptomatically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transvaginal natural orifice endoscopic surgery for myomectomy: Can it be a conventional surgery?

Hou

Li²,

Huang³

et al. 2022

Front. Surg.

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IntroductionAs a new minimally invasive surgery, transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) has been proved to be suitable for the treatment of a variety of gynecological benign diseases. However, compared with other minimally invasive surgeries that have been widely used, such as conventional multiport laparoscopy and transumbilical laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS), their advantages and disadvantages and how to choose are still unknown. The purpose of our study is to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the three minimally invasive surgeries in myomectomy and to provide theoretical basis for the wider development of vNOTES surgery.Material and methodsThis retrospective study included 282 patients at our hospital who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy from May 2021 to March 2022. Based on the surgical approach, patients were classified into multiport, transumbilical LESS, and vNOTES groups. The patients’ demographic characteristics and follow-up data were collected during the perioperative period and at 1 month postoperatively.ResultsAmong the three procedures, vNOTES had the shortest anal exhaust time but also the highest postoperative infection rate. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the operative time increased by 3.5 min for each 1 cm increase in myoma, and intraoperative bleeding increased by approximately 12 ml. The average duration of single pores increased by 25 min compared to that of multiports, and the operative duration increased by 10.48 min for each degree of adhesion.ConclusionsFor gynecologists who have mastered vNOTES, this procedure has the same efficacy and safety as the two existing minimally invasive surgeries in myomectomy, but it shows obvious advantages in postoperative recovery.

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“…On the other hand, the increased local prolactin secretion in the leiomyomas might be one of the factors responsible for their rapid enlargement. Prolactin has been shown to stimulate the growth and fibrotic differentiation of smooth muscle cell lines by signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) dependent mechanisms [22,23]. Since leiomyomas might express dopamine receptor type 2, treatment with cabergoline has been tried in women with benign uterine fibroids with promising results on volume shrinkage and reduction of symptoms [23,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prolactin has been shown to stimulate the growth and fibrotic differentiation of smooth muscle cell lines by signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) dependent mechanisms [22,23]. Since leiomyomas might express dopamine receptor type 2, treatment with cabergoline has been tried in women with benign uterine fibroids with promising results on volume shrinkage and reduction of symptoms [23,24]. However, in all described patients with leiomyoma-associated hyperprolactinemia the dopamine agonist treatment was ineffective (Table 1, Ref.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactinoma or leiomyoma-associated hyperprolactinemia—this is the question, a case report and review of the literature

Robeva¹,

Ivanova²,

Kamenova³

et al. 2022

Clin. Exp. Obstet. Gynecol.

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Background: Hyperprolactinemia is a common finding in women of reproductive age that could result from physiological factors, pathological conditions or the use of different medications. The therapeutic approach depends on the etiology of hyperprolactinemia, thus, the proper diagnosis is paramount. Case: Herein, we present a case of a young woman with pituitary incidentaloma and leiomyomaassociated hyperprolactinemia. The initial diagnosis was microprolactinoma, based on typical clinical features, increased prolactin levels, and pituitary adenoma. However, dopamine agonist treatment did not lead to any reduction of prolactin levels or clinical improvement. The patient was myomectomized because of uterine fibroid enlargement. After the surgery, the hyperprolactinemia resolved completely, while the pituitary adenoma did not show any changes. The concomitant development of pituitary adenoma and extrapituitary hyperprolactinemia might not be such a rare phenomenon, considering the high prevalence of pituitary incidentalomas. Conclusions: Currently, there are no specific tests that could distinguish pituitary from extrapituitary prolactin production. Our case report and the literature review show that leiomyoma-associated hyperprolactinemia should be considered in women of reproductive age with treatment-resistant prolactinoma and uterine fibroids above 5 cm. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and the possible regulators of the ectopic prolactin secretion.

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Prolactin is Expressed in Uterine Leiomyomas and Promotes Signaling and Fibrosis in Myometrial Cells

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Exploring the role of uterine fibroids in promotion of cardiovascular diseases by diabetes exposure: Findings from national health and nutrition examination survey 1999–2006

Exploring the role of uterine fibroids in promotion of cardiovascular diseases by diabetes exposure: Findings from national health and nutrition examination survey 1999–2006

Transvaginal natural orifice endoscopic surgery for myomectomy: Can it be a conventional surgery?

Prolactinoma or leiomyoma-associated hyperprolactinemia—this is the question, a case report and review of the literature

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