Prolactin in inferior petrosal sinuses

Lombardi, Gaetano; Merola, B; Colao, Annamaria; Tessa, G. La; Spaziante, Renato; Annunziato, Lucio; Paradisi, Roberto; Venturoli, Stefano; Porcu, Eleonora; Flamigni, Carlo; Frank, Giorgio; Galassi, Ercole

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)90770-6

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Before CRH bolus, samples for plasma ACTH, (3-EPH and serum TNFa assay were collected twice at 5-min intervals and the average value was considered. SBIPSS was obtained by the percuta neous femoral approach, as reported elsewhere [6][7][8][9][10][11][12], between 09.00 and 11.00 a.m. Peripheral venous samples were obtained simultaneously by a catheter needle previously inserted in an antecubital vein and kept patent by slow saline infusion.…”

Section: In Vivo Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Increases after Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Administration in Cushing’s Disease

et al. 1996

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute human corticotropin (ACTH)-releasing hormone (CRH) administration (100 µg, as i.v. bolus) on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) levels in the inferior petrosal sinuses and in the peripheral blood of 7 patients with Cushing’s disease subjected to diagnostic inferior petrosal sinus sampling. Blood samples for ACTH, β-endorphin (β-EPH) and TNFα were collected from inferior petrosal sinuses and periphery simultaneously. In addition, TNFα concentrations were measured after CRH administration (10 nmol/l, 100 nmol/l and 1 µmol/l) in culture medium from primary cultures obtained in 3 of 7 patients. At baseline, plasma ACTH and β-EPH levels were significantly higher in the inferior petrosal sinus ipsilateral to the ACTH-secreting adenoma than in the contralateral one and in the periphery (p < 0.001) whereas no significant difference was found as far as serum TNFα levels were concerned. CRH administration caused a significant increase of ACTH (p < 0.001), β-EPH (p < 0.01) and TNFα (p < 0.01) levels greater in the ipsilateral inferior petrosal sinus than in the contralateral one and in the periphery. In addition, CRH increased ACTH, β-EPH and TNFα levels in the culture medium of three ACTH-secreting tumors at the doses of 100 nmol/l and 1 µmol/l (greater than 300, 200 and 110% of baseline pretreatment incubation levels, respectively). These data suggest that CRH may increase TNFα concentrations in the inferior petrosal sinus ipsilateral to the ACTH-secreting adenoma and in the peripheral blood as well. In addition, it stimulated TNFα release both in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest the possibility that an imbalanced intrapituitary TNFα production can be detected in ACTH-secreting adenomas.

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Section: In Vivo Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Increases after Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Administration in Cushing’s Disease

et al. 1996

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“…However, our serum PRL levels are quite different from those recently reported by Paradisi et al (26) in patients with nonsecreting pituitary expanding lesions. Of course, the different sampling site could explain the discrefancy in the levels (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparison of anterior pituitary hormone levels in the inferior petrosal sinuses and peripheral blood in various pituitary disorders during perihypophysial phlebography

Lombardi

Merola

Colao

et al. 1991

Acta Endocrinologica

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The present study aimed at evaluating the anterior pituitary hormone levels in the inferior petrosal sinuses and in the peripheral blood of 55 patients affected by various pituitary disorders and undergoing perihypophysial phlebography on neurosurgical indication or for diagnostic purposes. The results indicated that in 6 patients with Cushing's disease and in 4 with hyperprolactinemia the secreting adenoma could be localized by inferior petrosal sinus sampling. Furthermore, the concentrations of all the pituitary hormones were found to be higher in the right and/or in the left inferior petrosal sinus than in peripheral blood, showing a clear gradient between central and peripheral samples. Moreover, the evaluation of hormone central/peripheral concentration ratios revealed noteworthy differences, namely, that central/peripheral concentration ratios of GH, ACTH, and PRL were significantly higher than those of TSH, FSH, and LH (p<0.01). On the contrary, no significant differences were found when the concentration ratios of GH, ACTH and PRL or TSH, FSH and LH were compared among themselves. This finding may be attributed to at least two factors: the increased pulsatility and the relatively short biological halftime of polypeptic hormones (GH, ACTH, and PRL) compared with glycoprotein hormones (TSH, FSH, and LH).The hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland reach the inferior petrosal sinuses (IPSs) via small hypophysial veins and intercavernous si¬ nuses. More distally, in the jugular bulb, blood flowing from the inferior petrosal sinuses is mixed with blood originating from different regions of the brain (1,2). Therefore, the determination of pituitary hormone levels in blood collected from inferior petrosal sinuses can mean a direct ap¬ proach in the study of the pituitary secretory ac¬ tivity. The use of perihypophysial phlebography for the diagnosis and presurgical evaluation of var¬ ious pituitary disorders, in the past and more re¬ cently limited to only Cushing's syndrome, has en¬ abled the collection of selective blood samplings in the inferior petrosal sinuses.In a previous report (3) we determined plasma PRL levels in normoprolactinemic patients with different pituitary disorders, and in non-adenomatous hyperprolactinemic and adenomatous hyperprolactinemic patients. The study demonstrated the existence of a gradient between plasma PRL levels in the inferior petrosal sinuses and in periph¬ eral blood in all the groups of patients and, in par¬ ticular, the presence in patients bearing PRL-secreting adenomas of a PRL gradient ipsilateral to the tumour.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anterior pituitary hormone levels in the inferior petrosal sinuses and in the peripheral blood of seven groups of patients affected by various pitu¬ itary disorders.

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“…The data reported in this study demonstrate that a-MSHi is present in the IPSs, a venous compartment close to the pituitary drainage in humans. The SBIPS is a useful diagnostic test in localizing very small pituitary microadenoma as the origin of Cush ing's syndrome [18], hyperprolactinemia [19,20], hyper thyroidism and acromegaly [14,[21][22][23], In the peripheral circulation of patients with CD, a-MSHi concentration was significantly higher than in normal subjects and in patients with other pituitary diseases. This is in agree ment with the report of Thody et al [ 17], Interestingly, in patients with CD a-MSHi concentrations in the IPS ipsi lateral to the ACTH-secreting adenoma were significantly higher than in the contralateral IPS and in the periphery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Is Present in the Inferior Petrosal Sinuses in Patients with Cushing’s Disease

et al. 1993

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Plasma ACTH, β-endorphin and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone levels were evaluated in the inferior petrosal sinuses and in the periphery of 22 patients affected by Cushing’s disease, 11 patients with other pituitary diseases subjected to simultaneous and bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling and in the peripheral blood of 15 normal subjects. In patients with Cushing’s disease ACTH, β-endorphin and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone levels in the inferior petrosal sinus ipsilateral to the adenoma were significantly higher than in the periphery and in the contralateral inferior petrosal sinus (p < 0.01, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). In patients with other pituitary diseases only ACTH and β-endorphin, but not α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone levels in both inferior petrosal sinuses were significantly higher than in the periphery (p < 0.01). Furthermore, no difference was found in the peripheral blood among patients with Cushing’s disease, patients with other pituitary diseases and normal subjects for ACTH and β-endorphin level. By contrast, in patients with Cushing’s disease peripheral α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone levels were significantly higher than in patients with other pituitary diseases and in normal subjects (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that only in patients with Cushing’s disease, but not in patients with other pituitary diseases, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone is released by adenomatous pituitary corticotrophs together with ACTH and β-endorphin.

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Prolactin in inferior petrosal sinuses

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Increases after Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Administration in Cushing’s Disease

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Increases after Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Administration in Cushing’s Disease

Comparison of anterior pituitary hormone levels in the inferior petrosal sinuses and peripheral blood in various pituitary disorders during perihypophysial phlebography

Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Is Present in the Inferior Petrosal Sinuses in Patients with Cushing’s Disease

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