Prolactin in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid*

Assies, Johanna; Schellekens, A. P. M.; Touber, J. L.

doi:10.1210/jcem-46-4-576

Cited by 66 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…As is the case for GH, the CSF concentration of PRL correlates well with serum PRL [5], This relationship is true for normoprolactinemic patients and for hyperprolactinemic patients with or without pitui tary tumors; even normal subjects with sustained hyperpro lactinemia, such as pregnant women, demonstrate a corre lation between serum and CSF PRL [51].…”

Section: Prolactinmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…The presence of PRL has been repeatedly demonstrated in CSF [5,6,38], There is very good evidence that the con centration of CSF PRL is directly, but not exclusively, relat ed to its blood concentration. As is the case for GH, the CSF concentration of PRL correlates well with serum PRL [5], This relationship is true for normoprolactinemic patients and for hyperprolactinemic patients with or without pitui tary tumors; even normal subjects with sustained hyperpro lactinemia, such as pregnant women, demonstrate a corre lation between serum and CSF PRL [51].…”

Section: Prolactinmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Several subsequent studies have supported the inferences from this work that (a) the serum CSF-GH ratio is relatively high, (b) that CSF as well as se rum GH is increased in acromegaly, and (c) that CSF GH is especially elevated in the acromegalic patient with suprasel lar extention of the tumor [2,30,55]. However, there have been reports that CSF GH can be increased in the acrome galic without suprasellar extension [50], Additionally, in ac romegaly with suprasellar extension, an increased CSF can occur without a proportionately increased serum GH [32] and even with a higher CSF than serum GH [24,50], As with other hormones when there is suprasellar exten sion of pituitary tumors, the presence of relatively high lev els of GH in the CSF of such patients suggests direct secre tion from the tumor into the surrounding CSF [30], This may even occur under normal conditions by retrogarde transport of GH from the pituitary to the CSF [6], This view is supported by the comparable CSF to serum ratio of GFi and structurally similar PRL and by the lower CSF serum ratio of chorionic somatomammatropin, also structurally similar to GH but, unlike PRL, of placental origin [5],…”

Section: Growth Hormonementioning

confidence: 98%

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Adenohypophyseal Hormones in the CSF

Lenhard¹,

Deftos²

1982

Neuroendocrinology

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The presence of adenohypophyseal hormones in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been firmly established by radioimmunoassay procedures. The hormones can originate from the adenohypophysis itself and from brain, as well as from peripheral sites of production. These peptide hormones enter the CSF through the choroid plexus or by direct secretion. The hormones entering by direct secretion into the CSF have a higher CSF-blood ratio than the hormones entering through the choroid plexus. Elevated CSF levels of adenohypophyseal hormones are most likely to occur in the presence of hormone-producing pituitary tumors with suprasellar extension. Although the CSF concentrations of adenohypophyseal hormones may merely reflect their blood concentrations, it is more likely that these hormones also have paracrine as well as endocrine effects.

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Section: Prolactinmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Prolactinmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Growth Hormonementioning

confidence: 98%

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Adenohypophyseal Hormones in the CSF

Lenhard¹,

Deftos²

1982

Neuroendocrinology

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“…peripheral and central action as Cimetidine crosses the Blood Brain Barrier (Asseis et al, 22 Majumdar et al, 23 Speigel et al, 24 Schentag et al 25 ) and that of ICV Cimetidine was only to central action. Lastly, Cimetidine produces Hyperprolactinaemia whether IV or ICV, but the hyperprolactinaemia through ICV is less significant because the role of H1 receptor which is blocked by DP is involved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To Study the Effect of the Parenteral Administration of Cimetidine on Serum Prolactin Level in Experimental Animals

Singh¹,

S²

2018

jemds

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BACKGROUND Among the H2 receptor antagonists, Cimetidine promotes healing of peptic ulcer and reduces ulcer pain, but produces a few significant side effects-gynaecomastia, galactorrhoea, etc. H1 antagonists and H2 agonists suppress prolactin release in suckled mother, while H1 agonists and H2 antagonists release prolactin in non-suckled mother. 2 The relationship between H2 receptor inhibitory and H1 receptor stimulant for the raise or decrease of serum prolactin level and also for involvement of third ventricle in hypothalamus area is to be investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe present study was to ascertain the site of action of Cimetidine for the raised serum prolactin, whether peripheral action or central action. Therefore, the route of administration of the H2 receptor antagonist Cimetidine was chosen as intravenous and intracerebroventricular respectively. Finally, serum prolactin level was estimated by drawing blood from the ear vein of the experimental animal (Rabbit) every 15 mins, 30 mins and 45 mins respectively. Then, serum prolactin levels were compared and analysed statistically. RESULTSThe serum prolactin level was found significantly raised at 15 mins (p < 0.05) and 30 mins (p < 0.001) after the IV Cimetidine. However, there is no significant difference between IV Cimetidine and ICV Cimetidine pre-treated group as Diphenhydramine blocked H1 receptor. CONCLUSIONSo, it can be concluded that Cimetidine causes raise in serum prolactin level due to its peripheral and central action. KEYWORDSProlactin, Cimetidine, Diphenhydramine, Intracerebroventricular, Radioimmunoassay, Rabbits. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Singh OJ, Losica SRK. To study the effect of the parenteral administration of cimetidine on serum prolactin level in experimental animals. J. Evolution Med. Dent. Sci. 2018;7(13):1599-1601, DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2018/362 BACKGROUND The involvement of histamine in controlling of gastric acid secretion was supported with the discovery of specific inhibitor of H2 receptor on parietal cells. The role of histamine and its pharmacological importance has increasingly come to light after which the characterisation of H2 receptor antagonists-Burimamide, Metiamide and Cimetidine. 1 Among the H2 receptor antagonists, Cimetidine promotes healing of peptic ulcer and reduces ulcer pain, but produces a few significant side effects-gynaecomastia, galactorrhoea, etc. H1 antagonists and H2 agonists suppress prolactin release in suckled mother, while H1 agonists and H2 antagonists release prolactin in non-suckled mother. 2 The relationship between H2 receptor inhibitory and H1 receptor stimulant for the raise or decrease of serum prolactin level and also for involvement of third ventricle in hypothalamus area is to be investigated. 3 'Financial or Other Competing Interest': None. Submission 19-01-2018, Peer Review 12-03-2018, Acceptance 18-03-2018, Published 26-03-2018. Corresponding Author: Dr. S. Losica R. K, Quarter No.5, Phase II, Transit Quarter, Sanjenthong, Imphal-795001, Manipur. E-mail: lul....

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“…a-MSH is a major melanotrophic peptide of the pars intermedia of the rat [4,26] and is normally released into the systemic circulation [19,26,271. Prolactin and possibly other pituitary hormones are thought to enter the CSF via the circulation by filtration at the choroid plexus [3] but it would seem unlikely that much a-MSH follows this route because no correlation was found between immunoreactive a-MSH levels in plasma and CSF. Therefore, although tritiated a-MSH injected into the systemic circulation enters the brain [lo], pituitary a-MSH may well enter the CSF by a more direct route.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid α-MSH levels in the rat after hypophysectomy and stimulation of pituitary α-MSH secretion

Thody

Rotte

Greidanus

1979

Brain Research Bulletin

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This lack of correlation between a-MSH levels in the CSF and plasma suggests that the systemic circulation does not deliver u-MSH to the CSF. The apparently normal levels of u-MSH in the hypothalamus after hypophysectomy suggests that this tissue is able to synthesize u-MSH and it is possible that the hypothalamus is a source of the a-MSH in the CSF.Cerebrospinal fluid a-MSH ~ER~~R~~~IN~ FLXJED fCSF3 is likely to serve as an important route for many hormones that modulate bmin function. A number of deferent peptide hormones have been found in the CSF [l, 3, 5-7, 9, 12, 241 and while those of hy~~thal~ic origin such as vasopressin, oxytocin and the releasing hormones enter the CSF directly, the way in which pituitary hormones such as ACTS reach the CSF is not yet clear.weight. ~y~~hy~ctorny was performed by the pam~h~~ge~ approach and con&met3 at autopsy by examination of the seUa turcia.Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and related peptides are known to affect brain function both in man and ex~e~me~tal animals 12, 11, 28, 291. While it is generally accepted that these melanotropic peptides are produced by the pituitary gland bioassayable MSH and immunoreactive MSH peptides have been found in different regions of the brain and shown to persist after removal of the pituitary [S, 14, 1.5, 17, 18,2%23]. This suggests that the brain, as weif as the pituitary, is capable of producing MSH peptides. fn this study we report the presence of ~mmunnrea~tive cu-MSH in the CSF of the rat and present data which suggest that at teast some of this peptide is of brain rather t.han pituitary origin.Rats were anaesthetized with urethane (1.1 g/Kg IP) and polyethylene cannulae inserted into the cistema magna for the withdrawal of CSF [7]. Approximately SO-100 1,t1 CSF were wi~d~aw~~ centrifuged and stored at -20°C until assayed.(1) Polyethylene cannulae were inserted into the jugular vein and advanced to the heart. Approximately 500 ~1 blood were withdrawn and replaced by an equal votume of 0.5% salineiheparin solution.(2) In experiment 2 {see below) the rats were decapitated and trunk blood collected into tubes containing lithium sequestrene,.All blood samples were centrifuged and the plasma stored at -20°C. METHODMale Wistar rats were obtained from TNO, Zeist, The Rats were decapitated and the brain immediately reNetherlands or bred in the Depa~ment of Dermatology, moved. The hypothalamus was dissected and this and the Newcastle, and were used when approximately 180 g in remainder of the brain minus the olfactory lobes were rinsed

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Prolactin in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid*

Cited by 66 publications

References 37 publications

Adenohypophyseal Hormones in the CSF

Adenohypophyseal Hormones in the CSF

To Study the Effect of the Parenteral Administration of Cimetidine on Serum Prolactin Level in Experimental Animals

Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid α-MSH levels in the rat after hypophysectomy and stimulation of pituitary α-MSH secretion

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