Prolactin, Central Nervous System and Behavior: A Critical Review

Dutt, A.; Kaplitt, Michael G.; Kow, Lee‐Ming; Pfaff, Donald W.

doi:10.1159/000126686

Cited by 73 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Both decreased libido and potency have been reported; however it is currently unclear which of the de®cit is predominant. 4,32,37 Several studies have suggested that in hyperoprolactinemia libido is primarily affected and impotence is secondary to decreased desire. In another study nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) was reduced in hyperprolactinemia men in both terms of reduced maximum circumference change and decreased tumescence time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental hyperprolactinemia in a rat model: alteration in centrally mediated neuroerectile mechanisms

et al. 2000

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to induce hyperprolactinemia in adult male rats and determine its effect on the central and peripheral mediated neurogenic as well as myogenic mechanisms of erectile functionadysfunction in a rat model. The use of penile re¯exes in awake animals was used to test the effect of both central and peripheral mechanisms. Electrical stimulation of the cavernous nervous was used to test peripheral neural function and intracorporal injection of papaverine was used to test the intactness of the corporal smooth muscles. These mechanisms were further explored by administration of testosterone. Methods: Eighteen Fisher-344 200 ± 250 g rats aged 10 weeks were used in this study. Group 1 (n 6) hyperprolactinemia was induced with subcutaneous (SQ) injection of 5 mg rat prolactin (NIDDK-r-PRL-B-7, biopotency 25 IUamg) in two divided doses daily for 1 week. Testosterone propionate 100 mgakg dissolved in sesame oil was given intramuscularly on day 1 (weekly dose). Group 2 (n 6) control animals received SQ injection of vehicle twice daily and sesame oil IaM on day 1. Group 3 (n 6) received testosterone propionate. Penile re¯exes (erections, cups,¯ips and clusters) were assessed prior to induction (63) of and following one-week state of hyperprolactinemia (day 5, 6 and 7). All animals were trained three times before recording the penile re¯exes. The penile re¯exes being averaged to give a single composite score for each animal. All animals underwent dissections that isolated the cavernosal bodies and cavernosal nerves. Cavernous nerves were activated and intracorporal pressures were recorded at increasing current magnitude (range 0.5 ± 10 mA). Following that corporal smooth muscle reactivity was determined by increasing injection of papaverine (100 ± 3000 mg). Concentration response curves (CRCs) were then generated by plotting percent change (fractional change to make standardized comparison) to increasing neurostimulation or papaverine concentrations at half-log increments. Serum prolactin was determined by rPRL radioimmunoassay Kit-Amersham while serum testosterone was determined Testosterone ELISA Kit-Neogen. Results: Penile re¯exes were normal in all groups at the start of experiment but after 1 week of hyperprolactinemia, re¯exes were totally abolished in hyperprolactinemia rats (Group 1) and unchanged in Groups 2 and 3. Response to cavernous nerve activation and resulting rise in intracorporal pressure to increasing current (range 0.5 ± 10 mA) were statistically non-signi®cant in any groups. Similarly the intracorporal pressure response to pharmacologic erection induced by papaverine (100 ± 3000 mg) were also non-statistically signi®cant in any groups. Serum prolactin level in all rats receiving prolactin were b 500 ngaml and the rat group receiving testosterone, serum level were b 206higher than the control rat. Conclusions: This approach allowed more clear separation of central and peripheral mechanism of erection. This study shows a central neurological effect of hyperprolactinem...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental hyperprolactinemia in a rat model: alteration in centrally mediated neuroerectile mechanisms

et al. 2000

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“…These hormones are not only involved in a variety of different endocrine processes [6,7], but also acting as a neuromodulator on the central nervous system (CNS) [6][7][8]. Hyperprolactinemia in lactating rats or in rats with pituitary homografts under the kidney capsule has been shown to be accompanied by a marked resistance to stress-induced changes in body temperature [9] and gastric damage, and, furthermore, the peripheral treatment of rats with PRL appears to be followed by gastro-cytoprotection [10] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Subcutaneously Administered Prolactin and 20K hGH, but not rGH or 22K hGH, Prevent Restraint Stress-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats

et al. 2000

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“…Ansiedade, somatização, hostilidade e/ou depressão foram, a partir dessa época, relacionadas com hiperprolactinemia (Fava et al, 1981;Kellner et al;1984;Keller et al, 1985). Há provas dos efeitos da prolactina sobre o comportamento em várias espécies animais (Dutt et al, 1994). Contudo, os poucos estudos clínicos publicados sobre o tema, em geral, apresentam pequeno número de pacientes (Oliveira et al, 2000).…”

Section: Hiperprolactinemia E Psiquismounclassified

Estados hiperprolactinêmicos: inter-relações com o psiquismo

Nahás

Nahás-Neto

Pontes

et al. 2006

Rev. psiquiatr. clín.

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ResumoA hiperprolactinemia é o distúrbio endócrino mais freqüente do eixo hipotálamo-hipofisário, observado em mulheres na idade reprodutiva. Caracteriza-se pela elevação consistente dos valores plasmáticos de prolactina. A regulação da produção da prolactina dá-se por meio da ação inibitória de um neurotransmissor, a dopamina. As manifestações clínicas são distúrbios do ciclo menstrual, amenorréia, galactorréia, infertilidade e diminuição da libido. Entretanto, sintomas psicológicos, especialmente ansiedade e depressão, têm sido associados à hiperprolactinemia. Contudo, há poucos estudos clínicos publicados sobre o tema. O papel da prolactina na patogênese dos distúrbios psiquiátricos pode refletir ação direta sobre o sistema nervoso central, efeito indireto por meio dos hormônios gonadais ou constituir fatores independentes, resultantes da depleção de dopamina. Assim, detectada a prevalência de distúrbios psiquiátricos em pacientes com hiperprolactinemia, conclui-se pela necessidade de maior número de pesquisas que investiguem as bases da possível inter-relação entre os estados hiperprolactinêmicos e o psiquismo.Palavras-chaves: Hiperprolactinemia, psiquismo, dopamina. AbstractHyperprolactinemia is the most frequent endocrine disorder of the hypothalamus-hypophysis axis observed in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by elevated serum prolactin levels. Prolactin production is regulated by the inhibitory action of a neurotransmitter, dopamine. Clinical manifestations include irregular menstrual cycle, amenorrhea, galactorrhea, infertility and libido decrease, but psychological symptoms, especially anxiety and depression, have also been associated with hyperprolactinemia. Nonetheless, few studies about this condition are available. In the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders, prolactin may have either a direct action on the central nerve system or an indirect effect via gonadal hormones or function as independent factors as a result of dopamine depletion. Thus, since the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with hyperprolactinemia was detected, it was concluded that further studies are necessary to investigate the basis of a potential relationship between both hyperprolactinemic and psychiatric conditions.

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Prolactin, Central Nervous System and Behavior: A Critical Review

Cited by 73 publications

References 48 publications

Experimental hyperprolactinemia in a rat model: alteration in centrally mediated neuroerectile mechanisms

Experimental hyperprolactinemia in a rat model: alteration in centrally mediated neuroerectile mechanisms

Subcutaneously Administered Prolactin and 20K hGH, but not rGH or 22K hGH, Prevent Restraint Stress-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats

Estados hiperprolactinêmicos: inter-relações com o psiquismo

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