Prolactin and thyroid status in prepubertal children with mild to moderate obesity.

Lala, Vinod; Ray, Arun Kumar; Jamias, P; Te, Drozdova; Orteza, N; Fiscina, Bernadette; Noto, R

doi:10.1080/07315724.1988.10720253

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Obesity has been previously associated with decreased levels of circulating PRL and with impaired PRL responsiveness to several pharmacological stimuli [25] including insulin‐induced hypoglycemia [26] and TRH [27–29]. A reduced PRL response to TRH and domperidone was reported also in insulin‐dependent diabetic subjects as well as in experimental rat models of diabetes [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Low Prolactin Is Associated with Sexual Dysfunction and Psychological or Metabolic Disturbances in Middle-Aged and Elderly Men: The European Male Aging Study (EMAS)

Corona

Rastrelli

et al. 2014

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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Introduction We previously reported that in male patients consulting for sexual dysfunction, low prolactin (PRL) levels were associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), arteriogenic erectile dysfunction, and incident major cardiovascular events. Aim The aim of this study is to assess the clinical associations of PRL levels in the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS). Methods EMAS is a prospective, observational cohort of community-dwelling men aged 40–79 years old (mean age 60 ± 11 years old). PRL was available for 2,948 men. Main Outcome Measures Different parameters were evaluated including the Short Form-36 questionnaire, Becks Depression Inventory, the Adverse Life Events Scale, the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, and the EMAS sexual function questionnaire (EMAS-SFQ). Results After the adjustment for confounders, PRL levels were inversely related with worsening of sexual function as compared with the previous year, as derived from change in sexual functioning domain of the EMAS-SFQ (adj. r = −0.043; P = 0.029). The strongest correlation (Wald = 6.840; P = 0.009) was observed between lower PRL levels and reduced enjoyment of orgasmic experiences. Furthermore, an inverse relationship between PRL levels and stressful life events or depressive symptoms was observed. Low PRL was also negatively associated with an unhealthy metabolic phenotype as well as with the MetS (Wald = 5.229; P = 0.022). In line with these data, low PRL was associated with a lower level of physical activity and feeling unhealthier. Conclusions Low PRL is related to several metabolic, psychological, and sexual unhealthy characteristics in European men. Checking PRL might be useful to stratify men for cardiovascular risk and to encourage appropriate lifestyle changes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Low Prolactin Is Associated with Sexual Dysfunction and Psychological or Metabolic Disturbances in Middle-Aged and Elderly Men: The European Male Aging Study (EMAS)

Corona

Rastrelli

et al. 2014

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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“…The association between PRL and weight control is not a new finding. It is well known that PRL response to various stimuli is impaired in obese subjects (Kopelman et al, 1979(Kopelman et al, , 1980Plewe et al, 1987;Lala et al, 1988;Weaver et al, 1991). Large prospective epidemiological investigations including the Framingham study (Hubert et al, 1983), the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; Flegal et al, 2007) and the Prospective Cardiovascular Munster study (PROCAM; Schulte et al, 1999) have clearly demonstrated that overweight and obesity are associated with an increased mortality in men and that this is largely because of coronary atherosclerosis or other CVDs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin levels independently predict major cardiovascular events in patients with erectile dysfunction

Corona

Rastrelli

Boddi

et al. 2010

International Journal of Andrology

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The physiological role of prolactin (PRL) in men is not completely clarified. We previously reported that in subjects consulting for sexual dysfunction, lower PRL plasma levels were associated with worse lipid and glycaemic profile, as well as with a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and arteriogenic erectile dysfunction (ED). The aim of this study was to assess possible associations between PRL levels and incident major cardiovascular events (MACE) in subjects with ED. When only subjects without pathological hyperprolactinaemia (PRL < 735 mU/L or 35 ng/mL) and pituitary diseases were considered, both unadjusted and adjusted analyses showed a significantly lower incidence of MACE in subjects with PRL levels in the highest PRL quintile (246-735 mU/L or 12-35 ng/mL) when compared with the rest of the sample. In particular, the risk of MACE was reduced by 5% (1-9%; p = 0.03) for each 10 ng/mL increment of PRL. Conversely, comparing patients with hyperprolactinaemia with matched controls, no significant difference was detected between cases and controls in MACE. In subjects at high risk for cardiovascular diseases, such as those with ED, a relatively high PRL plasma level is associated with an overall decreased chance of MACE, independently from other known risk factors.

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“…16,20 The prolactin response to TRH stimulation is impaired in prepubertal obese children. 21 Drugs which antagonize the action of dopamine cause a release of prolactin in man. Of these, metoclopramide crosses the blood ± brain barrier and the release of prolactin, following its intravenous injection, probably results from its action on both hypothalamic and pituitary dopaminergic receptors.…”

Section: Prolactin Secretion In Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiopathology of prolactin secretion in obesity

Kopelman

2000

Int J Obes

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In many species prolactin is of biological importance and has a major role in determining the deposition and mobilization of fat. In human physiology, outside pregancy, prolactin secretion is altered by increasing body weight in both children and adults. Prolactin in this circumstance appears to be marker of hypothalamic ± pituitary function: the prolactin response to insulin-hypoglycaemia, thyrotrophin releasing hormone stimulation and other stimulatory factors may be diminished. In addition, obesity alters the 24 h spontaneous release of prolactin with a generalised dampening of release. A number of explanations have been given as possible causes for these alterations, but it seems likely that they re¯ect obesity per se and are associated with hyperinsulinaemia. Weight reduction, with accompanying decrease in plasma insulin levels, leads to a normalization of prolactin responses in most, but not all, circumstances. To date, no molecular basis has been identi®ed which links prolactin with increasing body fatness, weight and appetite: new data suggests a possible link in obese men between fasting plasma prolactin and leptin concentrations.

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Prolactin and thyroid status in prepubertal children with mild to moderate obesity.

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Low Prolactin Is Associated with Sexual Dysfunction and Psychological or Metabolic Disturbances in Middle-Aged and Elderly Men: The European Male Aging Study (EMAS)

Low Prolactin Is Associated with Sexual Dysfunction and Psychological or Metabolic Disturbances in Middle-Aged and Elderly Men: The European Male Aging Study (EMAS)

Prolactin levels independently predict major cardiovascular events in patients with erectile dysfunction

Physiopathology of prolactin secretion in obesity

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