Prolactin and pituitary gonadotropin values and responses to acute luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) challenge in patients having long-term treatment with a depot lhrh analogue

Mahler, C.; Verhelst, Johan; Chaban, M; Denis, L.

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19910201)67:3<557::aid-cncr2820670304>3.0.co;2-c

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…FSH receptor expression is increased in prostate cancer compared with benign prostatic epithelium. Exogenous FSH stimulates proliferation and decreases apoptosis in androgen-independent cells in vitro [81]. These observations raise the possibility that FSH and its receptor may participate in hormone-refractory prostate cancer growth regulation.…”

Section: New Research Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The discovery of the GnRH-II isoform raised the question as to whether this isoform is likely to have a diverse functional activity than GnRH-I. In human endometrial and ovarian cancer cells, GnRH-II seems to be a more potent inhibitor of cell proliferation compared with GnRH-I [81]. Lately, it was noticed that GnRH-II produced by human T cells, activates laminin receptor gene expression and cell migration [77].…”

Section: New Research Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacotherapy for prostate cancer, with emphasis on hormonal treatments

Barmoshe

Zlotta

2006

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

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For more than half a century, hormonal therapy has been one of the cornerstones of prostate cancer therapy. However, the position and timing of androgen deprivation therapy is continuously challenged. Nowadays, it is often combined with other types of treatment in a multi-modal approach, especially with radiation therapy. Besides the well-known luteinising hormone-releasing hormone agonists, several developments have been introduced (e.g., luteinising hormone-releasing hormone antagonists or improved depot formulations achieving a better pharmacokinetic slope and lower testosterone levels). Research developments include a better understanding of the different gonadotropin-releasing hormone isoforms, the ligand-independent transformation of the androgen receptor and androgen receptor overexpression in hormone-insensitive disease. Prostate cancer, previously thought to be chemotherapy insensitive, is now treated at the metastatic stage by taxane-based chemotherapies. The combination of hormonal therapy and chemotherapy is currently studied at various stages of the disease, as early as localised or locally advanced prostate cancer. It is very likely that, in the future, pharmacological treatment for prostate cancer will include combination therapies rather than monotherapies. The authors suggest an in-depth re-evaluation of the place of androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer.

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Section: New Research Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: New Research Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacotherapy for prostate cancer, with emphasis on hormonal treatments

Barmoshe

Zlotta

2006

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

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“…Studies have demonstrated direct action of GnRH-I on prostate cancer cells. GnRH-I agonists induce a direct inhibitory action on EGF or IGF-induced prostate cancer cell proliferation [38]. The discovery of the GnRH-II isoform raised the question as to whether this isoform is likely to have a diverse functional activity than GnRH-I in prostate cancer cells.…”

Section: B Gnrh Antagonist Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Medical and Surgical Options for Androgen Deprivation in Prostate Cancer Patients

Bayraktar¹,

A²

2010

TOPCANJ

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Abstract:The growth of prostate cancer cells is driven by androgens. Thus, androgen deprivation, is one of the main treatment modalities in the management of prostate cancer. Historically, bilateral orchiectomy, which achieves 95% reduction of testosterone levels within 3 hours, was the only effective androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). In the 1980s, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists (LHRH-A) were introduced to reduce testosterone to castration levels. After the 1980s, nonsteroidal antiandrogens were developed in addition to steroidal antiandrogens. Since then, so-called maximum androgen blockade (MAB)/combined androgen blockade (CAB), which is a combination of surgical or medical castration and oral antiandrogens, has been suggested. More recently, novel treatment modalities have been developed, such as intermittent androgen suppression (IAS), nonsteroidal antiandrogen monotherapy, and alternative antiandrogen therapy after relapse from the initial MAB/CAB. ADT, whether surgical or medical, provides important quality of life (QOL) benefits in patients with advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. While the principle of the therapy has remained unchanged, the role, type and timing of these therapies is continuously evolving. This review will focus on the current medical and surgical options for ADT in advanced and metastatic prostate cancer, summarizing the results of several recent clinical trials and discuss their implications for clinical practice and for future research in this disease.

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“…During continued administration, serum levels of these gonadotrophins are suppressed, with LH levels declining to about 1 to 2 1U1L[2.3] (normal values 3 to 25 lUlL) and those of FSH to a nadir value of about 3 to 4 IUIL[2.3] (normal values 2 to 15 lUlL). The extent of the decrease in LH levels (50 to 80%) was consistently greater than that in FSH levels (about 30 to 50%), [2][3][4] and was maximal after 1 or 2 subcutaneous administrations of goserelin 3.6mg as a depot preparation,l2] Serum levels of FSH were reported to remain close to nadir values during long term goserelin treatment in some studies, [3.5] but Mahler et al [2] reported that after reaching a nadir on day 35 of treatment, FSH levels gradually increased. In contrast, Petersson et aI.l6] noted that although serum levels of LH and FSH declined during 3 to 6 months' treatment with goserelin, the decrease was not significant and levels remained within normal limits.…”

Section: Effects On Gonadotrophinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2] Plasma gonadotrophin levels were increased 9 and 10 months after goserelin withdrawal compared with values observed at the end of 13 and 26 months' treatment in 2 men with prostate cancer,l3]…”

Section: Effects On Gonadotrophinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goserelin

Brogden¹,

Faulds²

1995

Drugs & Aging

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Goserelin is a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue which during long term administration reduces circulating levels of gonadotrophins (luteinising hormone and follicle stimulating hormone) and sex hormones. Goserelin is administered subcutaneously as a biodegradable depot formulation incorporating 3.6mg of the drug, which is released continuously over 4 weeks. In men with untreated advanced prostate cancer, monthly goserelin 3.6mg has been confirmed as similar in efficacy to surgical castration and diethylstilbestrol (stilboestrol) 3mg daily taken orally. Goserelin is better tolerated than diethylstilbestrol and appears to have a more favourable effect on quality of life than surgical castration. Treatment of prostate cancer with a combination of goserelin and an antiandrogen remains controversial as a result of inconsistent findings, despite extended data from a large trial which indicated an advantage for the combined regimen over surgical castration with respect to duration of time to progression and survival. Combination therapy also minimises the initial increase in signs and symptoms (disease flare) that occurs in up to 4% of patients at the beginning of treatment with a GnRH analogue. Surgical castration remains the treatment of choice in patients at risk of metastatic compression of the spinal cord or ureteric obstruction. However, goserelin is an effective alternative to surgery, or estrogen therapy, in men with previously untreated advanced prostate cancer. Goserelin seems to be preferred to surgery by the majority of patients given a choice of treatment, and importantly in a palliative care situation where there are no survival advantages for treatment alternatives, it appears to have a more beneficial effect on the quality of life than surgery.

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Prolactin and pituitary gonadotropin values and responses to acute luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) challenge in patients having long-term treatment with a depot lhrh analogue

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Pharmacotherapy for prostate cancer, with emphasis on hormonal treatments

Pharmacotherapy for prostate cancer, with emphasis on hormonal treatments

Current Medical and Surgical Options for Androgen Deprivation in Prostate Cancer Patients

Goserelin

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