Prokaryotic Metabolic Activity and Community Structure in Antarctic Continental Shelf Sediments

Bowman, John P.; McCammon, Sharee A.; Gibson, John A.E.; Robertson, Lee; Nichols, PD

doi:10.1128/aem.69.5.2448-2462.2003

Cited by 117 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…This predominance, together with the presence of the classes Flavobacteria and Bacilli, agrees with that found in detailed studies of the bacterial Antarctic communities from seawater and marine ice (Bowman et al 1997;Acinas et al 1999;Brown & Bowman 2001;Brinkmeyer et al 2003) and also from the Arctic coastal waters (Groudieva et al 2004). Gammaproteobacteria is an important and widely distributed group in marine environments, frequently also detected in the analysis of the bacterial diversity from marine sediments (Bowman et al 2003, Olivera et al 2007Srinivas et al 2009;Zhou et al 2009;Yu et al 2011). In addition, the isolates belonging to the most commonly recovered genera, Pseudoalteromonas and Psychrobacter, were retrieved from almost all the samples tested, showing their ubiquitous distribution in the coastal ecosystems of Potter Cove.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culturable heterotrophic bacteria from Potter Cove, Antarctica, and their hydrolytic enzymes production

Tropeano¹,

Coria²,

Turjanski³

et al. 2012

Polar Research

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Affiliations of the dominant culturable bacteria isolated from Potter Cove, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, were investigated together with their production of cold-active hydrolytic enzymes. A total of 189 aerobic heterotrophic bacterial isolates were obtained at 4°C and sorted into 63 phylotypes based on their amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis profiles. The sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes of representatives from each phylotype showed that the isolates belong to the phyla Proteobacteria (classes Alpha- and Gamma-proteobacteria), Bacteroidetes (class Flavobacteria), Actinobacteria (class Actinobacteria) and Firmicutes (class Bacilli). The predominant culturable group in the site studied belongs to the class Gammaproteobacteria, with 65 isolates affiliated to the genus Pseudoalteromonas and 58 to Psychrobacter. Among the 189 isolates screened, producers of amylases (9.5%), pectinases (22.8%), cellulases (14.8%), CM-cellulases (25.4%), xylanases (20.1%) and proteases (44.4%) were detected. More than 25% of the isolates produced at least one extracellular enzyme, with some of them producing up to six of the tested extracellular enzymatic activities. These results suggest that a high culturable bacterial diversity is present in Potter Cove and that this place represents a promising source of biomolecules

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culturable heterotrophic bacteria from Potter Cove, Antarctica, and their hydrolytic enzymes production

Tropeano¹,

Coria²,

Turjanski³

et al. 2012

Polar Research

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show abstract

“…These groups include Bacteroidetes and several subdivisions of the Proteobacteria (Ferrari & Hollibaugh 1999, Bano & Hollibaugh 2002, Bowman et al 2003. In surface waters of the Canadian Archipelago, the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster makes up 9 to 41% of total cells (Wells & Deming 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved organic matter assimilation by heterotrophic bacterial groups in the western Arctic Ocean

Elifantz¹,

Dittel²,

Cottrell³

et al. 2007

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Abundance of the major bacterial groups and dissolved organic matter (DOM) assimilation in the western Arctic Ocean were determined using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and microautoradiography combined with FISH (Micro-FISH). Cytophaga-like bacteria (25 to 65%) and Alphaproteobacteria (17 to 40%) were the dominant bacterial groups, followed by Gammaproteobacteria (10 to 30%). In contrast, Betaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria were never abundant. While the distribution of Alphaproteobacteria was relatively uniform along a transect from the shelf to the basin, Cytophaga-like bacteria were more abundant on the shelf and shelf-break. Similarly, the contribution to DOM assimilation by Cytophaga-like bacteria was highest on the shelf and lowest in the basin. In contrast, Alphaproteobacteria contributed the most to DOM assimilation at the slope. About 80 to 99% of the variation in DOM assimilation was explained by bacterial group abundance. As a whole, the prokaryotic community was most active in assimilating free amino acids (50 to 60%), followed by diatom-derived extracellular polymers (30 to 40%) and protein (20 to 30%). In contrast, relatively few cells assimilated glucose (10 to 20%). This study revealed substantial variation in the abundance of major bacterial groups among the Arctic regions and in the assimilation of DOM components by these bacteria. KEY WORDS: DOM assimilation · Arctic Ocean · Micro-FISH · Heterotrophic bacteria Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherAquat Microb Ecol 50: [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] 2007 overestimate the true activity. In the western Arctic Ocean, up to 60 and 45% of bacteria and archaea, respectively, assimilated various DOM compounds ). Other data suggest that up to 84% of total prokaryotes are active in reducing 5-cyano-2, 3-ditoyl tetrazolium chloride in the western Arctic Ocean (Yager et al. 2001, Huston & Deming 2002. These estimates are consistent with studies showing that a high fraction of bacteria (67 to 99%) and archaea (5 to 25%) are detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in Arctic water (Wells & Deming 2003, Garneau et al. 2006, Wells et al. 2006.Several bacterial groups are present in cold environments such as the Arctic Ocean. These groups include Bacteroidetes and several subdivisions of the Proteobacteria (Ferrari & Hollibaugh 1999, Bano & Hollibaugh 2002, Bowman et al. 2003. In surface waters of the Canadian Archipelago, the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster makes up 9 to 41% of total cells (Wells & Deming 2003). In the shelf and shelf-break of the Beaufort Sea, Alphaproteobacteria dominate the bacterial community, followed by Gammaproteobacteria and Cytophaga-like bacteria (Garneau et al. 2006). These 3 phylogenetic groups are also the dominant bacterial groups in Arctic pack ice (Brinkmeyer et al. 2003). In other cold water environments, such as the North Sea and the Southern Ocean, Cytophaga-like bacteria are found to dominate the community, followed by Alphaprot...

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“…A number of studies have examined prokaryotes in marine sediments, in which molecular ecological approaches based on PCR amplification and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments have been applied to investigate their diversity and community structures (4,7,17,31,42). In addition, group-specific 16S rRNA probes have been used for quantitative evaluation of microbial populations in marine sediments by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (3,24,32). These studies have given a fundamental view of the prokaryotic community in marine sediment, suggesting that ␦-Proteobacteria, ␥-Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Planctomycetes are abundant and ecologically important.…”

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confidence: 99%

Accelerated Sulfur Cycle in Coastal Marine Sediment beneath Areas of Intensive Shellfish Aquaculture

Asami

Aida

Watanabe

2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

108

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Prokaryotes in marine sediments taken from two neighboring semienclosed bays (the Yamada and Kamaishi bays) at the Sanriku coast in Japan were investigated by the culture-independent molecular phylogenetic approach coupled with chemical and activity analyses. These two bays were chosen in terms of their similar hydrogeological and chemical characteristics but different usage modes; the Yamada bay has been used for intensive shellfish aquaculture, while the Kamaishi bay has a commercial port and is not used for aquaculture. Substantial differences were found in the phylogenetic composition of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries constructed for the Yamada and Kamaishi sediments. In the Yamada library, phylotypes affiliated with ␦-Proteobacteria were the most abundant, and those affiliated with ␥-Proteobacteria were the second-most abundant. In contrast, the Kamaishi library was occupied by phylotypes affiliated with Planctomycetes, ␥-Proteobacteria, ␦-Proteobacteria, and Crenarchaeota. In the ␥-Proteobacteria, many Yamada phylotypes were related to freeliving and symbiotic sulfur oxidizers, whereas the Kamaishi phylotype was related to the genus Pseudomonas. These results allowed us to hypothesize that sulfate-reducing and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria have become abundant in the Yamada sediment. This hypothesis was supported by quantitative competitive PCR (qcPCR) with group-specific primers. The qcPCR also suggested that organisms closely related to Desulfotalea in the Desulfobulbaceae were the major sulfate-reducing bacteria in these sediments. In addition, potential sulfate reduction and sulfur oxidation rates in the sediment samples were determined, indicating that the sulfur cycle has become active in the Yamada sediment beneath the areas of intensive shellfish aquaculture.

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Prokaryotic Metabolic Activity and Community Structure in Antarctic Continental Shelf Sediments

Cited by 117 publications

References 65 publications

Culturable heterotrophic bacteria from Potter Cove, Antarctica, and their hydrolytic enzymes production

Culturable heterotrophic bacteria from Potter Cove, Antarctica, and their hydrolytic enzymes production

Dissolved organic matter assimilation by heterotrophic bacterial groups in the western Arctic Ocean

Accelerated Sulfur Cycle in Coastal Marine Sediment beneath Areas of Intensive Shellfish Aquaculture

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