Prokaryotic cell membrane‑based protein technologies (Review)

Abstract

The biological cell membranes play a crucial role in living tissues through a heterogeneity of metabolic processes, such as apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, cell signalling processes and metabolic disorders. Due to the sensitive nature of cell membranes and proteins, the utilization of specialized instruments for carrying out biological experiments such as extraction, isolation, gene expression and protein expression analyses is required. Currently, there are several instruments available for performing biological experiments. The present study selectively discusses the protein bioanalytical techniques, including electrophoresis techniques, chromatographic techniques, sequencing approaches and computational approaches that have been created as a result of difficulties in researching membrane protein and glycoproteomic techniques. Since these techniques have provided an efficient strategy with which to enrich and characterize membrane and plasma-membrane proteomes, some of the recent advancements are also discussed. In addition, the present study focuses particularly on prokaryotic organisms for a better understanding of cell membrane protein technologies. Hopefully, a summary of these studies will help future researchers to understand the gaps behind the technique and its advances.