Projections of the lateral terminal accessory optic nucleus of the common marmoset (<i>Callithrix jacchus</i>)

Blanks, Robert H. I.; Clarke, R.J.; Lui, Fausta; Giolli, Roland A.; Pham, S. V.; Torigoe, Yasuhiro

doi:10.1002/cne.903540404

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 156 publications

(209 reference statements)

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“…Thus, whereas a direct AOS-cerebellar connection was described in chinchilla (Winfield et al, 1978) and tree shrew (Haines and Sowa, 1985), none was found in rat, rabbit, cat and marmoset monkey (Kawasaki and Sato, 1980;Feran and Grasse, 1982;Giolli et al, 1984Giolli et al, , 1985aGiolli et al, , 1988bBlanks et al, 1995). This discrepancy may either reflect a real species difference, or result from differences inherent in the techniques used, for instance, anterograde vs. retrograde axonal transport.…”

Section: Precerebellar Projections Of the Aosmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…In monkey, where the MTN is attenuated in size or non-existent, the AOS-inferior olivary projections is shown to arise from neurons of the LTN (Mustari et al, 1994;Blanks et al, 1995). In addition to the rostral dorsal cap, there are also LTN projections to the medial accessory olive in primate .…”

Section: Efferents To the Inferior Olive (Figs 2 4-7)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the neurons of the NOT/DTN employ the same MLF-inferior-olivary-flocculus pathway, but unlike the MTN that projections to the rostral dorsal cap, those from the NOT/DTN are relayed through neurons in the caudal parts of the dorsal cap. Interestingly, this distinct rostro-caudal segregation of the pretectal-IO and AOS-IO fibers within the dorsal cap is very consistent across species, e.g., rabbit (Takeda and Maekawa, 1976;Simpson et al, 1988), rat (Giolli et al, 1985a), cat (Hoffmann et al, 1976), and primate (Sekiya andKawamura, 1985, Hoffmann et al, 1988;Baleydier et al, 1990;Watanabe et al, 1991;Mustari et al, 1994;Blanks et al, 1995). Further, this rostrocaudal segregation of the AOS-and NOT-afferents to the dorsal cap have been demonstrated in functional labeling studies employing optokinetic stimulation in the horizontal plane activating the neurons of the NOT (Barmack and Young, 1990;Lui et al, 1999; Barmack, Chapter 8 on inferior olive).…”

Section: Efferents To the Inferior Olive (Figs 2 4-7)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While this discrepancy in the AOS-cerebellar pathway across mammals may reflect real species differences, it is more likely that it results from differences in the techniques used. A major point of concern in interpreting such data is the close proximity of the flocculus to the vestibular nuclei and the fiber bundles conveying the AOS-superior vestibular nucleus projection documented in the rat, rabbit and monkey (Giolli et al, 1988a;Blanks et al, 1995). It is possible that injections of retrograde tracers into the cerebellum, as employed by some of the investigators mentioned above that found a direct AOS-cerebellar connection, could have labeled the AOS-vestibular nucleus bundle as fibers of passage coursing with the superior cerebellar peduncle.…”

Section: Precerebellar Projections Of the Aosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other efferents which are extremely relevant for the oculomotor control are those to the vestibular nuclei (superior and lateral in rat and rabbit: Giolli et al, 1984;; superior and medial in marmoset: Blanks et al, 1995), which represent part of the "indirect" pathway for the optokinetic nystagmus (see below) . It is known that all vestibular nuclei neurons respond not only to vestibular, but to optokinetic stimulation as well (Waespe and Henn, 1977).…”

Section: Preoculomotor Projections Of the Aosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The accessory optic system: basic organization with an update on connectivity, neurochemistry, and function

Giolli

Blanks

Lui

2006

Progress in Brain Research

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143

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The accessory optic system (AOS) is formed by a series of terminal nuclei receiving direct visual information from the retina via one or more accessory optic tracts. In addition to the retinal input, derived from ganglion cells that characteristically have large receptive fields, are direction-selective, and have a preference for slow moving stimuli, there are now well-characterized afferent connections with a key pretectal nucleus (nucleus of the optic tract) and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus. The efferent connections of the AOS are robust, targeting brainstem and other structures in support of visual-oculomotor events such as optokinetic nystagmus and visual-vestibular interaction. This chapter reviews the newer experimental findings while including older data concerning the structural and functional organization of the AOS. We then consider the ontogeny and phylogeny of the AOS and include a discussion of similarities and differences in the anatomical organization of the AOS in nonmammalian and mammalian species. This is followed by sections dealing with retinal and cerebral cortical afferents to the AOS nuclei, interneuronal connections of AOS neurons, and the efferents of the AOS nuclei. We conclude with a section on Functional Considerations dealing with the issues of the response properties of AOS neurons, lesion and metabolic studies, and the AOS and spatial cognition. The accessory optic system (AOS) is formed by a series of terminal nuclei receiving direct visual information from the retina via one or more accessory optic tracts. In addition to the retinal input, derived from ganglion cells that characteristically have large receptive fields, are direction-selective and have a preference for slow moving stimuli, there are now well characterized afferent connections with a key pretectal nucleus (nucleus of the optic tract) and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus. The efferent connections of the AOS are robust, targeting brainstem and other structures in support of visual-oculomotor events such as optokinetic nystagmus and visual-vestibular interaction. The present chapter reviews the newer experimental findings while including older data concerning the structural and functional organization of the AOS. We then consider the ontogeny and phylogeny of the AOS and include a discussion of similarities and differences in the anatomical organization of the AOS in nonmammalian and mammalian species. This is followed by sections dealing with retinal and cerebral cortical afferents to the AOS nuclei, interneuronal connections of AOS neurons, and the efferents of the AOS nuclei. We conclude with a section on Functional Considerations dealing with the issues of the response properties of AOS neurons, lesion and metabolic studies, and the AOS and spatial cognition.

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Section: Precerebellar Projections Of the Aosmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Efferents To the Inferior Olive (Figs 2 4-7)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Efferents To the Inferior Olive (Figs 2 4-7)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Precerebellar Projections Of the Aosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preoculomotor Projections Of the Aosmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The accessory optic system: basic organization with an update on connectivity, neurochemistry, and function

Giolli

Blanks

Lui

2006

Progress in Brain Research

Self Cite

143

123

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Efferent pathways of the nucleus of the optic tract in monkey and their role in eye movements

Büttner‐Ennever

Cohen²,

Horn

et al. 1996

J. Comp. Neurol.

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To clarify the role of the pretectal nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) in ocular following, we traced NOT efferents with tritiated leucine in the monkey and identified the cell groups they targeted. Strong local projections from the NOT were demonstrated to the superior colliculus and the dorsal terminal nucleus bilaterally and to the contralateral NOT. The contralateral oculomotor complex, including motoneurons (C-group) and subdivisions of the Edinger-Westphal complex, including motoneurons (C-group) and subdivisions of the Edinger-Westphal complex, also received inputs. NOT efferents terminated in all accessory optic nuclei (AON) ipsilaterally; contralateral AON projections arose from the pretectal olivary nucleus embedded in the NOT. Descending pathways contacted precerebellar nuclei: the dorsolateral and dorsomedial pontine nuclei, the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis, and the inferior olive. Direct projections from NOT to the ipsilateral nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (ppH) appeared to be weak, but retrograde tracer injections into rostral ppH verified this projection; furthermore, the injections demonstrated that AON efferents also enter this area. Efferents from the NOT also targeted ascending reticular networks from the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and the locus coeruleus. Rostrally, NOT projections included the magnocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn); the pregeniculate, peripeduncular, and thalamic reticular nuclei; and the pulvinar, the zona incerta, the mesencephalic reticular formation, the intralaminar thalamic nuclei, and the hypothalamus. The NOT could generate optokinetic nystagmus through projections to the AON, the ppH, and the precerebellar nuclei. However, NOT also projects to structures controlling saccades, ocular pursuit, the near response, lgn motion sensitivity, visual attention, vigilance, and gain modification of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Any hypothesis on the function of NOT must take into account its connectivity to all of these visuomotor structures.

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Projections of the nucleus of the basal optic root in pigeons (Columba livia) revealed with biotinylated dextran amine

1997

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The nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR) of the accessory optic system is known to be involved in the analysis of the visual consequences of self-motion. Previous studies have shown that the nBOR in pigeons projects bilaterally to the vestibulocerebellum, the inferior olive, the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, and the oculomotor complex and projects unilaterally to the ipsilateral pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali and the contralateral nBOR. By using the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine, we confirmed these projections and found (previously unreported) projections to the nucleus Darkshewitsch, the nucleus ruber, the mesencephalic reticular formation, and the area ventralis of Tsai as well as ipsilateral projections to the central gray, the pontine nuclei, the cerebellar nuclei, the vestibular nuclei, the processus cerebellovestibularis, and the dorsolateral thalamus. In addition to previous studies, which showed a projection to the dorsomedial subdivision of the contralateral oculomotor complex, we found terminal labelling in the ventral and dorsolateral subdivisions. Individual fibers were reconstructed from serial sections, and collaterals to various nuclei were demonstrated. For example, collaterals of fibers projecting to the vestibulocerebellum terminated in the vestibular or cerebellar nuclei; collaterals of fibers to the inferior olive terminated in the pontine nuclei; many individual neurons projected to the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, the nucleus Darkshewitsch, and the central gray and also projected to the nucleus ruber and the mesencephalic reticular formation; collaterals of fibers to the contralateral nucleus of the basal optic root terminated in the mesencephalic reticular formation and/or the area ventralis of Tsai; neurons projecting to the nucleus lentiformis mesencephali also terminated in the dorsolateral thalamus. The consequences of these data for understanding the visual control of eye movements, neck movements, posture, locomotion, and visual perception are discussed.

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Projections of the lateral terminal accessory optic nucleus of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

Cited by 23 publications

References 156 publications

The accessory optic system: basic organization with an update on connectivity, neurochemistry, and function

The accessory optic system: basic organization with an update on connectivity, neurochemistry, and function

Efferent pathways of the nucleus of the optic tract in monkey and their role in eye movements

Projections of the nucleus of the basal optic root in pigeons (Columba livia) revealed with biotinylated dextran amine

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