Projections of the globus pallidus and adjacent structures: An autoradiographic study in the monkey

Kim, Ronald; Nakano, Kenji; Angayarkanni, Jayaraman; Carpenter, Malcolm B.

doi:10.1002/cne.901690302

Cited by 389 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Intersubject variabilities cannot be accounted for in this manner. Other studies with similar experimental design used cytoarchitectonic landmarks as a tool for intersubject territory comparison (Nauta and Mehler 1966;Kuo and Carpenter 1973;Carpenter et al 1976;Kim et al 1976;Stanton 1980;Kalil 1981;Asanuma et al 1983a;Ilinsky and Kultas-Ilinsky 1987;Schell and Strick 1984). These studies distinguished a "cell sparse zone" (X, VPLo, and VLc) from other regions of VA-VL with higher cell densities (especially VLo).…”

Section: Cats and Dogs Electrophysiological Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Thalamic interactions of cerebellum and basal ganglia

2017

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Cerebellum and basal ganglia are reciprocally interconnected with the neocortex via oligosynaptic loops. The signal pathways of these loops predominantly converge in motor areas of the frontal cortex and are mainly segregated on subcortical level. Recent evidence, however, indicates subcortical interaction of these systems. We have reviewed literature that addresses the question whether, and to what extent, projections of main output nuclei of basal ganglia (reticular part of the substantia nigra, internal segment of the globus pallidus) and cerebellum (deep cerebellar nuclei) interact with each other in the thalamus. To this end, we compiled data from electrophysiological and anatomical studies in rats, cats, dogs, and non-human primates. Evidence suggests the existence of convergence of thalamic projections originating in basal ganglia and cerebellum, albeit sparse and restricted to certain regions. Four regions come into question to contain converging inputs: (1) lateral parts of medial dorsal nucleus (MD); (2) parts of anterior intralaminar nuclei and centromedian and parafascicular nuclei (CM/Pf); (3) ventromedial nucleus (VM); and (4) border regions of cerebellar and ganglia terminal territories in ventral anterior and ventral lateral nuclei (VA-VL). The amount of convergences was found to exhibit marked interspecies differences. To explain the rather sparse convergences of projection territories and to estimate their physiological relevance, we present two conceivable principles of anatomical organization: (1) a "core-and-shell" organization, in which a central core is exclusive to one projection system, while peripheral shell regions intermingle and occasionally converge with other projection systems and (2) convergences that are characteristic to distinct functional networks. The physiological relevance of these convergences is not yet clear. An oculomotor network proposed in this work is an interesting candidate to examine potential ganglia and cerebellar subcortical interactions.

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Section: Cats and Dogs Electrophysiological Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Thalamic interactions of cerebellum and basal ganglia

2017

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“…Inputs to STN are multiple. Signals arising from the caudate and putamen are conveyed to STN via the external segment of the globus pallidus (Kim et al 1976;Kita et al 1983;Moriizumi et al 1987;Percheron et al 1984). The cerebral cortex is another source of input.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual and oculomotor functions of the monkey subthalamic nucleus

Matsumura¹,

Kojima²,

Gardiner³

et al. 1991

Neuroscience Research Supplements

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“…Other afferent projections lack CAM II kinase-cr but end in nuclei containing CAM II kinase-a-expressing cells. For example, GABA neurons in the globus pallidus, substantia nigra pars reticulata, and thalamic reticular nucleus project to the dorsal thalamus, in which relay cells are CAM II kinase-a positive (Carpenter and Peter, 1972;Carpenter et al, 1975;Kim et al, 1976;Faull and Mehler, 1978;Kultas-Ilinsky et al, 1978, 1983DiChiara et al, 1979;Herkenham, 1979;McLeod et al, 1980;Ohara et al, 1980;Montero and Scott, 198 1;Starr and Kilpatrick, 198 1;Penney and Young, 198 1;DeVito and Anderson, 1982;Ueki, 1983;Francois et al, 1984;Ilinsky and Kultas-Ilinsky, 1984;Ilinsky et al, 1985;Yen et al, 1985). At certain synapses, therefore, there appears to be a dissociation of pre-and postsynaptic CAM II kinase-a-linked mechanisms.…”

Section: Aandrent Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential gene expression for glutamic acid decarboxylase and type II calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in basal ganglia, thalamus, and hypothalamus of the monkey

et al. 1991

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In situ hybridization histochemistry, using cRNA probes, revealed a complementarity in the distributions of cells in the basal ganglia, basal nucleus of Meynert, thalamus, hypothalamus, and rostral part of the midbrain that showed gene expression for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) or the alpha-subunit of type II calcium-calmodulin- dependent protein kinase (CAM II kinase-alpha). Cells in certain nuclei such as the thalamic reticular nucleus, globus pallidus, and pars reticulata of the substantia nigra show GAD gene expression only; others in nuclei such as the basal nucleus of Meynert, medial mamillary nuclei, and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei show CAM II kinase-alpha gene expression only. A few nuclei, for example, the pars compacta of the substantia nigra and the greater part of the subthalamic nucleus, display gene expression for neither GAD nor CAM II kinase-alpha. In other nuclei, notably those of the dorsal thalamus, and possibly in the striatum, GAD- and CAM II kinase-expressing cells appear to form two separate populations that, in most thalamic nuclei, together account for the total cell population. In situ hybridization reveals large amounts of CAM II kinase-alpha mRNA in the neuropil of most nuclei containing CAM II kinase-alpha-positive cells, suggesting its association with dendritic polyribosomes. The message may thus be translated at those sites, close to the synapses with which the protein is associated. The in situ hybridization results, coupled with those from immunocytochemical staining for CAM II kinase-alpha protein, indicate that CAM II kinase-alpha is commonly found in certain non- GABAergic afferent fiber systems but is not necessarily present in the postsynaptic cells on which they terminate. It appears to be absent from most GABAergic fiber systems but can be present in the cells on which they terminate. This suggests that the kinase may be differentially engaged in pre- and postsynaptic functions at certain synapses.

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Projections of the globus pallidus and adjacent structures: An autoradiographic study in the monkey

Cited by 389 publications

References 37 publications

Thalamic interactions of cerebellum and basal ganglia

Thalamic interactions of cerebellum and basal ganglia

Visual and oculomotor functions of the monkey subthalamic nucleus

Differential gene expression for glutamic acid decarboxylase and type II calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in basal ganglia, thalamus, and hypothalamus of the monkey

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