Projections of extreme rainfall in Hong Kong in the 21st century

Lee, Tsz-cheung; Chan, Kin-yu; Chan, H. S.; Kok, Mang-hin

doi:10.1007/s13351-011-0601-y

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The MME of four skilful AOGCMs shows that East Asia will experience wetter summers in the 21st century under the SRES A2 and B2 scenarios, with a larger increase over the continent than over the ocean (Min et al 2004). The CMIP3 models projected increased and more intense East Asian summer monsoon precipitation owing to enhanced moisture convergence in a warmer climate (Kimoto 2005;Kripalani et al 2007a;Chen and Sun 2009;Kim and Byun 2009;Sun and Ding 2010;Lee et al 2011;Li et al 2011;Kusunoki and Arakawa 2012). Lu and Fu (2010) report an increase in the interannual variability of summer monsoon precipitation.…”

Section: (2) East Asian Monsoonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Asian Monsoon and its Future Change in Climate Models: A Review

Kitoh

2017

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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This study provides an overview of the Asian monsoon and its change as simulated by atmosphere-ocean coupled general circulation models and high-resolution atmospheric general circulation models, focusing on the seasonal mean circulation and precipitation climatology. After reviewing the drivers of and the elements that affect the monsoon, the ability of those climate models to reproduce the Asian monsoon is assessed. The Asian monsoon is better reproduced in the Coupled Modeling Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models than in the CMIP3 models, although biases remain. Projected future changes in the Asian monsoon at the end of the 21st century are then reviewed. Overall projections are similar for both CMIP3 and CMIP5 models with increases in precipitation, albeit with weakened circulation in the South Asian summer, enhanced circulation and increased precipitation in the East Asian summer, and latitude-dependent changes in the winter monsoon circulation in East Asia. However, differences exist in the projected local changes, leading to uncertainty in projections.

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Section: (2) East Asian Monsoonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Asian Monsoon and its Future Change in Climate Models: A Review

Kitoh

2017

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…Recent studies also indicated that, against the background of global climate change and local urbanization, there is a rising trend in average temperature in Hong Kong and the hot period has become significantly longer over the last century [25]. Future projections also suggested that the warming trend will continue in the 21st century with a significant increase in extreme high temperature events [26]. Therefore, it is very important and necessary to assess the pedestrian level wind comfort and maintain an acceptable wind environment from both urban planning and public health perspectives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New criteria for assessing low wind environment at pedestrian level in Hong Kong

Mak

Kwok

et al. 2017

Building and Environment

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The choice of proper wind comfort criterion is considered to be crucial to reliable assessment of pedestrian level wind comfort. This paper aims to propose a wind comfort criterion that can be applied to Hong Kong, in which the wind comfort is seriously deteriorated by the moderated airflow, particularly in the hot and humid summer. By thoroughly reviewing and comparing exiting wind comfort criteria, the parameters in Lawson (1978) criterion are adopted for acceptable, tolerable and intolerable category and the parameters in NEN8100 (2006) criterion are adopted for danger category in the proposed criteria. Besides, a low wind parameter suggested by AVA scheme (2005) is adopted for unfavourable category in summer criterion. The adopted parameters provide scientific foundations and they are carefully chosen to adapt the weak wind conditions. The prominent feature of the criteria is proposed seasonally (summer and winter, respectively) and the overall mean wind velocity ratio () is used as threshold wind velocity parameter. The wind tunnel tests of Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HKPolyU) campus model were used as a case study. The results show that the proposed criteria can reasonably represent the weak wind condition and provide suitable assessments of the wind comfort in Hong Kong. Moreover, the findings in this study provide scientific basis for future policy-making and the proposed criteria can also help city planners to improve the pedestrian level wind comfort.

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“…The minimum temporal and spatial resolutions of the model output available for this study are 1 h and 2 km, respectively. The cloud microphysics scheme used by this model is the Thompson microphysics scheme (Lee et al, 2011). Details of the WRF model set up are provided in Argüeso et al (2013aArgüeso et al ( , 2012.…”

Section: Model Simulated Datamentioning

confidence: 99%