Projections from the Cerebral Cortex to the Red Nucleus of the Guinea‐pig. A Retrograde Tracing Study

Giuffrida, Rosario; Aicardi, Giorgio; Rapisarda, C

doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1991.tb00098.x

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…These neurons include those that project to the forelimb region of the rat spinal cord (Coleman and Riesen, 1968), striatum (Gerfen, 1989), and red nucleus (Giuffrida et al, 1991), collectively contributing to forelimb movement. Also, they are sensitive to experience in the normal brain (Greenough et al, 1985) and to rehabilitative experience after injury (Jones et al, 1999;).…”

Section: Dendritic Morphology Within the Undamaged Motor System Dendrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Rehabilitative Experience Declines with Time after Focal Ischemic Brain Injury

Biernaskie¹,

Chernenko²,

Corbett³

2004

J. Neurosci.

604

463

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To maximize the effectiveness of rehabilitative therapies after stroke, it is critical to determine when the brain is most responsive (i.e., plastic) to sensorimotor experience after injury and to focus such efforts within this period. Here, we compared the efficacy of 5 weeks of enriched rehabilitation (ER) initiated at 5 d (ER5), ER14, or ER30 after focal ischemia, as judged by functional outcome and neuromorphological change. ER5 provided marked improvement in skilled forelimb reaching ability and ladder-rung-and narrow-beam-walking tasks and attenuated the stroke-induced reliance on the unaffected forepaw for postural support. ER14 provided improvement to a somewhat lesser extent, whereas recovery was diminished after ER30 such that motor function did not differ from ischemic animals exposed to social housing.To examine potential neural substrates of the improved function, we examined dendritic morphology in the undamaged motor cortex because our previous work (Biernaskie and Corbett, 2001) suggested that recovery was associated with enhanced dendritic growth in this region. ER5 increased the number of branches and complexity of layer V neurons compared with both social housing and control animals. Dendritic arbor after ER14 (although increased) and ER30 did not differ from those exposed to social housing. These data suggest that the poststroke brain displays heightened sensitivity to rehabilitative experience early after the stroke but declines with time. These findings have important implications for rehabilitation of stroke patients, many of whom experience considerable delays before therapy is initiated.

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Section: Dendritic Morphology Within the Undamaged Motor System Dendrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Rehabilitative Experience Declines with Time after Focal Ischemic Brain Injury

Biernaskie¹,

Chernenko²,

Corbett³

2004

J. Neurosci.

604

463

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Descending projections from MI were also shown to terminate in RN (Gwyn and Flumerfelt, 1974;Giuffrida, 1991;Miyashita et al, 1994;Alloway et al, 2010). The RN, through its connections with the cerebellum, inferior olive, and spinal cord (Gwyn, 1971;Murray and Gurule, 1979;Huisman et al, 1983;Swenson and Castro, 1983;Kennedy, 1990), participates in locomotive coordination of the shoulder and upper limbs and also in skilled movement of the forelimbs (Lawrence and Kuypers, 1968;Gibson et al, 1985;Whishaw et al, 1998;Muir and Whishaw, 2000).…”

Section: Dsz Projections To the Midbrainmentioning

confidence: 95%

Descending projections from the dysgranular zone of rat primary somatosensory cortex processing deep somatic input

Lee

Kim

2012

J of Comparative Neurology

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In the mammalian somatic system, peripheral inputs from cutaneous and deep receptors ascend via different subcortical channels and terminate in largely separate regions of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI). How these inputs are processed in SI and then projected back to the subcortical relay centers is critical for understanding how SI may regulate somatic information processing in the subcortex. Although it is now relatively well understood how SI cutaneous areas project to the subcortical structures, little is known about the descending projections from SI areas processing deep somatic input. We examined this issue by using the rodent somatic system as a model. In rat SI, deep somatic input is processed mainly in the dysgranular zone (DSZ) enclosed by the cutaneous barrel subfields. By using biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) as anterograde tracer, we characterized the topography of corticostriatal and corticofugal projections arising in the DSZ. The DSZ projections terminate mainly in the lateral subregions of the striatum that are also known as the target of certain SI cutaneous areas. This suggests that SI processing of deep and cutaneous information may be integrated, to a certain degree, in this striatal region. By contrast, at both thalamic and prethalamic levels as far as the spinal cord, descending projections from DSZ terminate in areas largely distinguishable from those that receive input from SI cutaneous areas. These subcortical targets of DSZ include not only the sensory but also motor-related structures, suggesting that SI processing of deep input may engage in regulating somatic and motor information flow between the cortex and periphery.

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Efferents from the lateral frontal cortex to spinomedullary target areas, trigeminal nuclei, and spinally projecting brainstem regions in the hedgehog tenrec

Künzle

Lotter

1996

J. Comp. Neurol.

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This study was done in the Madagascan lesser hedgehog tenrec, an insectivore with a very poorly differentiated neocortex. The cortical region, known to give rise to spinal projections, was injected with tracer, and the cortical efferents to brainstem and spinal cord were analyzed. Bulbar reticular fields, in addition, were identified according to their cells of origin and the laterality of their spinal projections after injection of tracer. Only few cortical fibers could be traced from the bulbar pyramid into the ipsilateral spinal cord, particularly to the lateral funiculus. The projections to the dorsal column nuclei and the classical spinally projecting brainstem regions were also weak. Faint projections were demonstrated to the nucleus of the posterior commissure and the nucleus of Darkschewitsch. In comparison to other mammals, there was no evidence that the contralateral cortico-bulbo-spinal pathway was strengthened, substituting for the almost non-existent contralateral corticospinal projection. Unlike the sensorimotor apparatus controlling limb and body movements, the brainstem regions controlling the head and neck received prominent cortical projections. Direct corticotrigeminal projections and indirect pathways were well represented. The projections to the trigeminal nuclei and the lateral reticular fields were clearly bilateral; those to the superior colliculus were predominantly ipsilateral. The corticobulbar fibers left the pyramid along its entire extent; the principal trigeminal nucleus and the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum were supplied by additional fibers of the corticotegmental tract. The lateral frontal cortex also projected densely to the dorsolateral hypothalamus, the periaqueductal gray, and the adjacent mesencephalic tegmentum, components of the emotional motor system.

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Projections from the Cerebral Cortex to the Red Nucleus of the Guinea‐pig. A Retrograde Tracing Study

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Efficacy of Rehabilitative Experience Declines with Time after Focal Ischemic Brain Injury

Efficacy of Rehabilitative Experience Declines with Time after Focal Ischemic Brain Injury

Descending projections from the dysgranular zone of rat primary somatosensory cortex processing deep somatic input

Efferents from the lateral frontal cortex to spinomedullary target areas, trigeminal nuclei, and spinally projecting brainstem regions in the hedgehog tenrec

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