Projection Pattern of Vomeronasal Neurons to the Accessory Olfactory Bulb in Goats

Takigami, Shu; Mori, Yuji; Ichikawa, Masumi

doi:10.1093/chemse/25.4.387

Cited by 79 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Although segregation within the VNO for the αi and αo subunits exists in the turtle, in which G αo is not coexpressed with G αi1-3 , there are not two distinct expression zones across the VNE for the two subunits, as has been reported in rodents and opossum Jia and Halpern, 1996). This lack of zonation across the VNE for G αi1-3 and G αo in the turtle is similar to what was reported most recently for goat, horse, screw, cat, and dog (Takigami et al, 2000). In these mammals, however, G αo is completely lacking in either the VNO or the VN nerve layer of the accessory olfactory bulb.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Sexual dimorphism and developmental expression of signal‐transduction machinery in the vomeronasal organ

Murphy

Tucker

Fadool

2001

J of Comparative Neurology

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We have explored the use of a new model to study the transduction of chemosignals in the vomeronasal organ (VNO), for which the functional pathway for chemical communication is incompletely understood. Because putative vomeronasal receptors in mammalian and other vertebrate models belong to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors, the objective of the present study was to define which G-protein subunits were present in the VNO of Sternotherus odoratus (stinkpot or musk turtle) in order to provide directionality for future functional studies of the downstream signaling cascades. The turtle vomeronasal epithelium (VNE) was found to contain the G-proteins G β and G αi1-3 at the microvillar layer, the presumed site of signal tranduction in these neurons, as evidenced by immunocytochemical techniques. G αo labeled the axon bundles in the VNE and the somata of the vomeronasal sensory neurons but not the microvillar layer. Densitometric analysis of Western blots indicated that the VNO from females contained greater concentrations of G αi1-3 compared with males. Sexually immature (juvenile) turtles showed intense immunolabeling for all three subunits (G β , G αi1-3 , and G αo ) in the axon bundles and an absence of labeling in the microvillar layer. Another putative signaling component found in the microvilli of mammalian VNO, transient receptor potential channel, was also immunoreactive in S. odoratus in a gender-specific manner, as quantified by Western blot analysis. These data demonstrate the utility of Sternotherus for discerning the functional signal transduction machinery in the VNO and may suggest that gender and developmental differences in effector proteins or cellular signaling components may be used to activate sex-specific behaviors. Indexing termsG proteins; GTP-binding protein; vomeronasal organ; turtle; transient receptor potential; transient receptor potential channel Sensory systems capture information from the environment and convey these signals to higher cortical centers in the brain, where the signals are processed to render an internal depiction of the external world (Dulac and Axel, 1995). In several classes of vertebrates, chemical sensory perception is mediated by sensory neurons at two anatomically distinct locations: the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) and the vomeronasal organ (VNO; Winan and Scalia, 1970;Broadwell, 1975;Scalia and Winan, 1975;Kevetter and Winan, 1981;Shepherd, 1988). Although they are of similar embryonic and neuronal origin (Cuschieri and Bannister, 1975), the two olfactory systems appear to diverge in function. (Halpern, 1987): The sensory neurons have unique biophysical properties (Liman and Corey, 1996); the molecular identities of putative transduction proteins that involve G-protein-coupled signaling cascades are notably different (Dulac and Axel, 1995;Ryba and Tirindelli, 1997); and, finally, the sensory information transmitted from each olfactory system is directed to different brain regions (for review, see Keverne, 1999). Hence, the VNO emerges as ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Sexual dimorphism and developmental expression of signal‐transduction machinery in the vomeronasal organ

Murphy

Tucker

Fadool

2001

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…That expression does not affirm the inevitability of vomeronasal function, nor does it address the extent to which the vomeronasal system may function in these species. Compared to rodent VNO, the histology of the primate VNO is more similar to that of goats (Takigami et al, 2000), sheep (Cohen-Tannoudji et al, 1989), swine (Dorries et al, 1997), and ferrets (Weiler, et al, 1999). In the last three of these species, the VNO is not involved in all of the functions mediated by the rodent VNO (CohenTannoudji et al, 1989;Dorries et al, 1997;Weiler, et al, 1999;Kelliher et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of neuron‐specific markers by the vomeronasal neuroepithelium in six species of primates

et al. 2004

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Vomeronasal organ (VNO) morphology varies markedly across primate taxa. Old World monkeys display no postnatal VNO. Humans and at least some apes retain a vestigial VNO during postnatal life, whereas the strepsirrhines and New World Monkeys present a morphologically well-defined VNO that, in many species, is presumed to function as an olfactory organ. Available microanatomical and behavioral studies suggest that VNO function in these species does not precisely duplicate that described in other mammalian taxa. The questions of which species retain a functional VNO and what functions they serve require inquiry along diverse lines but, to be functional, the vomeronasal epithelium must be neuronal and olfactory. We used immunohistochemistry to establish these criteria in six primate species. We compared the expression of two neuronal markers, neuron-specific ␤-tubulin (BT) and protein gene product 9.5, and olfactory marker protein (OMP), a marker of mature olfactory sensory neurons, in paraffin-embedded VNO sections from two strepsirrhine and four haplorhine species, all of which retain morphologically well-defined VNOs during postnatal life. The infant Eulemur mongoz, adult Otolemur crassicaudatus, neonatal Leontopithicus rosalia, and adult Callithrix jacchus express all three proteins in their well-defined vomeronasal neuroepithelia. The infant Tarsius syrichta showed some BT and OMP immunoreactivity. We establish that two strepsirrhine species and at least some New World haplorhines have mature sensory neurons in the VNO. In contrast, at all ages examined, Saguinus geoffroyi VNO expresses these markers in only a few cells. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: immunohistochemistry; olfaction; olfactory marker protein; primate; ␤-tubulin; PGP 9.5; vomeronasalThe tetrapod vomeronasal organ (VNO) is bilaterally symmetric and lies along the ventrorostral aspect of the nasal septum. Sensory neurons in the vomeronasal neuroepithelium (VNNE) of snakes, rodents, and opossums detect chemical signals that evoke behavioral and/or physiological changes regarding prey identification, social status, and reproductive state (Wysocki, 1979;Halpern, 1987;Takami, 2002;Halpern and Martínez-Marcos, 2003).The rodent VNO is the best studied in terms of gene expression during development, its morphological organization, its secondary and higher-order connections, and its effects on the organism's behavior and physiology. For some time, the rodent VNO was thought to epitomize the mammalian vomeronasal system but VNO function as exemplified in rodents is not precisely replicated in other mammalian taxa, namely, ferrets (Weiler et al., 1999;

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“…The receptor molecules belong to the gene superfamily GPCRs (G-protein coupled receptors). Different types of G-protein have been shown to have a functional co-expression with different receptor molecules; in particular the distribution of different G-protein alpha subunits have been described in the olfactory/vomeronasal system of vertebrates (Takigami et al, 2000;Belanger et al, 2003;Halpern and Martínez-Marcos, 2003;Hansen et al, 2003Hansen et al, , 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RNs expressing the same receptor molecule, project their axons to the same glomerulus, synapsing with few mitral cells (Takigami et al, 2000;Firestein, 2001). Thus it has been suggested that, in the olfactory/vomeronasal system of a vertebrate, the localization of a RN, its morphology, the receptor gene family it expresses, the G-protein subtype coupled with this receptor, and the zone of projection to the OB are somehow correlated (Halpern and Martínez-Marcos, 2003;Hansen et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunolocalization of G‐Protein Alpha Subunits in the Olfactory System of the Cartilaginous Fish Scyliorhinus Canicula

Ferrando

Gambardella

Ravera

et al. 2009

The Anatomical Record

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In the olfactory and vomeronasal systems of vertebrates, the morphology of the receptor neurons, the receptor gene family they express, the G-protein coupled with the receptor (in particular the G-protein alpha subunit), and their projection to the olfactory bulb are correlated. Much information about this complicated system have been collected in different groups, but nothing is known about Chondrichthyes. In this work, the presence and distribution of immunoreactivity for different types of G-protein alpha subunit (Ga o , Ga q and Ga s/olf ) were investigated in the olfactory mucosa and olfactory bulb of the shark Scyliorhinus canicula. Only Ga olike immunoreactivity was detected in the olfactory mucosa and bulb, both in tissues and homogenates. Its distribution was partially similar to that found in other vertebrates: it was localized in the microvillous receptor neurons, in numerous axon bundles of the fila olfactoria, in the stratum nervosum and in the most of glomeruli in the stratum glomerulosum. No immunoreactivity was instead observed in the crypt neurons, the second type of olfactory neurons present in cartilaginous fish. The projections of crypt neurons to olfactory bulb probably correspond to the few ventrallylocated glomeruli which were negative to the antiserum against Ga o . These data suggest, in S. canicula, different olfactory neuron types send projections to the olfactory bulb with a segregated distribution, as observed in other vertebrates. Anat Rec, 292:1771Rec, 292: -1779Rec, 292: , 2009. V V C 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Projection Pattern of Vomeronasal Neurons to the Accessory Olfactory Bulb in Goats

Cited by 79 publications

References 30 publications

Sexual dimorphism and developmental expression of signal‐transduction machinery in the vomeronasal organ

Sexual dimorphism and developmental expression of signal‐transduction machinery in the vomeronasal organ

Expression of neuron‐specific markers by the vomeronasal neuroepithelium in six species of primates

Immunolocalization of G‐Protein Alpha Subunits in the Olfactory System of the Cartilaginous Fish Scyliorhinus Canicula

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