Projection of Greenhouse Gas Emissions for the Road Transport Sector Based on Multivariate Regression and the Double Exponential Smoothing Model

Alhindawi, R; Nahleh, Yousef Abu; Kumar, Arun; Shiwakoti, Nirajan

doi:10.3390/su12219152

Cited by 48 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Therefore, an algorithm is applied to filter the incoming data image for the elimination of the noise before proceeding to the next process. Double Exponential Smoothing (DES) was chosen for the following task as suggested by [25] to predict the trend for forecasting. Generally, DES is approached in economic data analysis to predict the immense range of noise, to forecast a trend, and give high forecasting accuracy level.…”

Section: Signal Filteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mono Camera-based Human Skeletal Tracking for Squat Exercise Abnormality Detection using Double Exponential Smoothing

Hisham¹,

Hassan²,

Ibrahim³

et al. 2022

IJACSA

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Human action analysis is an enthralling area of research in artificial intelligence, as it may be used to improve a range of applications, including sports coaching, rehabilitation, and monitoring. By forecasting the body's vital position of posture, human action analysis may be performed. Human body tracking and action recognition are the two primary components of video-based human action analysis. We present an efficient human tracking model for squat exercises using the open-source MediaPipe technology. The human posture detection model is used to detect and track the vital body joints within the human topology. A series of critical body joint motions are being observed and analysed for aberrant body movement patterns while conducting squat workouts. The model is validated using a squat dataset collected from ten healthy people of varying genders and physiques. The incoming data from the model is filtered using the double exponential smoothing method;the Mean Squared Error between the measured and smoothed angles is determined to classify the movement as normal or abnormal. Level smoothing and trend control have parameters of 0.8928 and 0.77256, respectively. Six out of ten subjects in the trial were precisely predicted by the model. The mean square error of the signals obtained under normal and abnormal squat settings is 56.3197 and 29.7857, respectively. Thus, by utilising a simple threshold method, the low-cost camera-based squat movement condition detection model was able to detect the abnormality of the workout movement.

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Section: Signal Filteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mono Camera-based Human Skeletal Tracking for Squat Exercise Abnormality Detection using Double Exponential Smoothing

Hisham¹,

Hassan²,

Ibrahim³

et al. 2022

IJACSA

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“…Biodiesel is an attractive added value bioresource. Since it is carbon-neutral and compatible with the petroleum-based fuel supply infrastructure, it can reduce the transport sector's greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, estimated as 15% of the total GHG emissions [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1,2—Propanediol Production from Glycerol Derived from Biodiesel’s Production: Technical and Economic Study

2021

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For every nine tons of produced biodiesel, there is another ton of glycerol as a byproduct. Therefore, glycerol prices dropped significantly worldwide in recent years; the more significant biodiesel production is, the more glycerol exists as a byproduct. glycerol prices also impact the biodiesel manufacturing business, as it could be sold according to its refinement grade. The primary objective of this work was to evaluate the economic potential of the production of 1,2-propanediol derived from the biodiesel produced in Colombia. A plant to produce 1,2-propanediol via catalytic hydrogenation of glycerol in a trickle-bed reactor was designed. The plant comprised a reaction scheme where non-converted excess hydrogen was recycled, and the heat generated in the reactor was recovered. The reactor effluent was sent to a separation train where 98% m/m purity 1,2-propanediol was attained. Capital and operational costs were estimated from the process simulation. The net present value (NPV) and the modified internal return rate (MIRR) of the plant were used to assess the viability of the process. Their sensitivity to key input variables was evaluated to find the viability limits of the project. The economic potential of the 1,2-propanediol was calculated in USD 1.2/kg; for the base case, the NPV and the MIRR were USD 54.805 million and 22.56%, respectively, showing that, for moderate variations in products and raw material prices, the process is economically viable.

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“…Transport generates 25% of total greenhouse gas emissions and is estimated to be the second largest source of the same after the energy sector [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. In terms of these emissions, as much as 95% of CO 2 is generated by road transport, of which 61% is emissions from passenger vehicles [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Petrol and Natural Gas Vehicle Carbon Oxides Emissions in the Laboratory and On-Road Tests

et al. 2021

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The problem of global warming and the related climate change requires solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, in particular CO2. As a result, newly manufactured cars consume less fuel and emit lower amounts of CO2. In terms of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption, old cars are significantly inferior to the more recent models. In Poland, for instance, the average age of passenger cars is approximately 13 years. Therefore, apart from developing new solutions in the cars produced today, it is important to focus on measures that enable the reduction in CO2 emissions in older vehicles. These methods include the adaptation of used cars to run on gaseous fuels. Natural gas is a hydrocarbon fuel that is particularly preferred in terms of CO2 emissions. The article presents the results of research of carbon oxides emission (CO, CO2) in the exhaust gas of a passenger car fueled by petrol and natural gas. The emissions were measured under the conditions of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) test and in real road tests. The test results confirm that compared to petrol, a CNG vehicle allows for a significant reduction in CO2 and CO emissions in a car that is several years old, especially in urban traffic conditions.

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Projection of Greenhouse Gas Emissions for the Road Transport Sector Based on Multivariate Regression and the Double Exponential Smoothing Model

Cited by 48 publications

References 55 publications

Mono Camera-based Human Skeletal Tracking for Squat Exercise Abnormality Detection using Double Exponential Smoothing

Mono Camera-based Human Skeletal Tracking for Squat Exercise Abnormality Detection using Double Exponential Smoothing

1,2—Propanediol Production from Glycerol Derived from Biodiesel’s Production: Technical and Economic Study

Assessment of Petrol and Natural Gas Vehicle Carbon Oxides Emissions in the Laboratory and On-Road Tests

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