Projecting future drug expenditures—2006

Hoffman, James M.; Shah, Nilay D.; Vermeulen, Lee C.; Schumock, Glen T.; Grim, Penny; Hunkler, Robert J.; Hontz, Karrie M.

doi:10.2146/ajhp050446

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…28 The initial uptake of a new drug can be slow, but as familiarity and experience with the drug expand, use increases rapidly until the drug is widely used and growth stabilizes. 29 Use of the drug eventually reaches a plateau and remains relatively stable unless influenced by a specific event, such as a new indication, cost change, or safety concern. Therefore, new drugs may not have an immediate effect on drug expenditures, but, over time, use of the drug may increase such that the drug has important implications for expenditures.…”

Section: Factors That May Influence 2012 Drug Expendituresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projecting future drug expenditures—2012

Hoffman

Doloresco

et al. 2012

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy

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Section: Factors That May Influence 2012 Drug Expendituresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projecting future drug expenditures—2012

Hoffman

Doloresco

et al. 2012

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy

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“…8 As discussed in previous forecasts in this series, the initial use of a new drug is often slow, but as familiarity and experience with the drug expand, use increases rapidly until the drug is widely used, and then growth stabilizes. 9 Eventually, use of the drug reaches a plateau and prescribing remains relatively stable unless affected by a specific event, such as a new indication, an acquisition cost change, or a safety concern. Therefore, in the first several years that a drug is available, it may not necessarily have an appreciable influence on drug expenditures, but as the drug's use increases, the new drug could have important implications for expenditures.…”

Section: Diffusion Of Recently Approved Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projecting future drug expenditures—2011

Doloresco

Fominaya

Schumock

et al. 2011

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy

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PURPOSE. Drug expenditure trends in 2009 and 2010, projected drug expenditures for 2011, and factors likely to influence drug expenditures are discussed. SUMMARY. Various factors are likely to influence drug expenditures in 2011, including drugs in development, the diffusion of new drugs, generic drugs, health care reform, and biosimilars. Two distinct patterns of drug expenditures continue to exist. The dominant trend over the past several years is substantial moderation in expenditure growth for widely used drugs, primarily due to the ongoing introduction of generic medications for high-cost, frequently used medications and the influence of the economic downturn. The second pattern is substantial increases in expenditures for specialized medications, particularly in the outpatient setting. The influence of health care reform, the economy, and the emergence of biosimilars will be important trends to follow over the next several years, but they are unlikely to have substantial impact on drug expenditures in 2011. From 2008 to 2009, total U.S. drug expenditures increased by 5.2%, with total spending rising from $284.8 billion to $299.5 billion. Growth in drug expenditures in clinics grew by 5.1% from 2008 to 2009. Hospital drug expenditures increased at the moderate rate of 2.8% from 2008 to 2009; through the first nine months of 2010, hospital drug expenditures increased by only 0.8% compared with the same period in 2009. CONCLUSION. For 2011, we project a 3-5% increase in drug expenditures in outpatient settings, a 4-6% increase in expenditures for clinic-administered drugs, and a 1-3% increase in hospital drug expenditures.

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“…Another example of relations between variables is the one between the higher prices of the Wholesaler and the lower stock-outs level of the Retailer and manufacturer. Moreover, collaboration between the SC actors for the creation of a new product or service is positively related to the performances of the entire SC (Hoffman et al, 2006). In this context of relations, great importance has to be laid on IT strategies, which can make the SC more robust and resilient to the uncertainties of the market and foster and help order management (Pereira, 2009).…”

Section: Investigating Scs Trends In Literature Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of uncertainty in supply chains under dynamic modeling

Fera¹,

Fruggiero²,

Lambiase³

et al. 2017

10.5267/j.ijiec

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The uncertainty in the supply chains (SCs) for manufacturing and services firms is going to be, over the coming decades, more important for the companies that are called to compete in a new globalized economy. Risky situations for manufacturing are considered in trying to individuate the optimal positioning of the order penetration point (OPP). It aims at defining the best level of information of the client's order going back through the several supply chain (SC) phases, i.e. engineering, procurement, production and distribution. This work aims at defining a system dynamics model to assess competitiveness coming from the positioning of the order in different SC locations. A Taguchi analysis has been implemented to create a decision map for identifying possible strategic decisions under different scenarios and with alternatives for order location in the SC levels. Centralized and decentralized strategies for SC integration are discussed. In the model proposed, the location of OPP is influenced by the demand variation, production time, stock-outs and stock amount. Results of this research are as follows: (i) customer-oriented strategies are preferable under high volatility of demand, (ii) production-focused strategies are suggested when the probability of stock-outs is high, (iii) no specific location is preferable if a centralized control architecture is implemented, (iv) centralization requires cooperation among partners to achieve the SC optimum point, (v) the producer must not prefer the OPP location at the Retailer level when the general strategy is focused on a decentralized approach.

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Projecting future drug expenditures—2006

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

Projecting future drug expenditures—2012

Projecting future drug expenditures—2012

Projecting future drug expenditures—2011

The role of uncertainty in supply chains under dynamic modeling

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