“…13,55,60,[62][63][64][65] Therefore, instead of taking on an entire framework, large organizations often develop hybrid approaches depending on contextual criteria, where a customized agile method and traditional project management practices co-exist in different configurations alongside each other. 4,12,13,63,[65][66][67][68] However, guidance on applying any of the "off-the-shelf" frameworks outside of its prescribed process hardly exists, 51 while practitioners rarely have expertise in situational method engineering 5,8,14 and thus have to resort to unstructured approaches. Unfortunately, taking account of difficulties in anticipating what method fragments to choose and how to combine them effectively, 69 ad hoc tailoring usually does not bring expected software process improvements.…”