Proinsecticides effective against insecticide‐resistant peach‐potato aphid (
            <i>Myzus persicae</i>
            (Sulzer))

Hedley, Douglas; Khambay, B. P. S.; Hooper, Antony M.; Thomas, Richard; Devonshire, A. L.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9063(199807)53:3<201::aid-ps760>3.0.co;2-#

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…P450 monooxygenase is well known for metabolizing xenobiotics, such as insecticides, to less toxic metabolites 33 34 . For example, CYP6A1, 6A2, 6A5, and 12A1 all have some manner of cyclodiene epoxidase biochemical activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional analysis of CYP6ER1, a P450 gene associated with imidacloprid resistance in Nilaparvata lugens

Pang

Chen

Liang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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The cytochrome P450 CYP6ER1 has been reported to play an important role in imidacloprid resistance of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens , and is overexpressed in most resistant populations. In the present study, we confirmed that CYP6ER1 expression can be induced by certain levels of imidacloprid. Developmental expression analysis revealed that CYP6ER1 was expressed highly in the adult stage, and tissue distribution analysis showed that CYP6ER1 was expressed mainly in the fat body and midgut. RNA interference (RNAi) of CYP6ER1 and transgenic expression of CYP6ER1 in Drosophila melanogaster both suggested that the expression of CYP6ER1 is sufficient to confer imidacloprid resistance. Furthermore, we analyzed the interaction of imidacloprid and CYP6ER1 monooxygenase by using dynamic simulations and molecular docking. We found that Nitrogen atoms in the heterocycle of the imidacloprid molecule may bind to iron atoms in the center of the homology model of CYP6ER1 via 4,5-dihedro-1H-imidazole. This finding contributes to a better understanding of how CYP6ER1 takes part in the insecticide metabolism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional analysis of CYP6ER1, a P450 gene associated with imidacloprid resistance in Nilaparvata lugens

Pang

Chen

Liang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…The principle of metabolic activation of toxicant pre‐cursors is common knowledge in toxicology (Sultatos, 1994; Takahashi et al , 1999) and is used for designing anti‐tumour drugs (Graham et al , 1991), fungicides (de Waard and van Nistelrooy, 1980) and insecticides (Hedley et al , 1998). We present the first example of substrate‐induced self‐intoxication in nature, in which the expression of the gene that is necessary for self‐intoxication is induced by the non‐toxic precursor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resveratrol acts as a natural profungicide and induces self‐intoxication by a specific laccase

Schouten

Wagemakers

Stefanato

et al. 2002

Molecular Microbiology

155

134

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Summary The grapevine (Vitis) secondary metabolite resveratrol is considered a phytoalexin, which protects the plant from Botrytis cinerea infection. Laccase activity displayed by the fungus is assumed to detoxify resveratrol and to facilitate colonization of grape. We initiated a functional molecular genetic analysis of B. cinerea laccases by characterizing laccase genes and evaluating the phenotype of targeted gene replacement mutants. Two different laccase genes from B. cinerea were characterized, Bclcc1 and Bclcc2. Only Bclcc2 was strongly expressed in liquid cultures in the presence of either resveratrol or tannins. This suggested that Bclcc2, but not Bclcc1, plays an active role in the oxidation of both resveratrol and tannins. Gene replacement mutants in the Bclcc1 and Bclcc2 gene were made to perform a functional analysis. Only Bclcc2 replacement mutants were incapable of converting both resveratrol and tannins. When grown on resveratrol, both the wild type and the Bclcc1 replacement mutant showed inhibited growth, whereas Bclcc2 replacement mutants were unaffected. Thus, contrary to the current theory, BcLCC2 does not detoxify resveratrol but, rather, converts it into compounds that are more toxic for the fungus itself. The Bclcc2 gene was expressed during infection of B. cinerea on a resveratrol‐producing host plant, but Bclcc2 replacement mutants were as virulent as the wild‐type strain on various hosts. The activation of a plant secondary metabolite by a pathogen introduces a new dimension to plant–pathogen interactions and the phytoalexin concept.

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“…The examples in Table 1 are observations of NCR in field‐collected or laboratory‐selected strains, or known resistance‐conferring enzymes, with pro‐insecticides that were marketed compounds at the time of the study. One additional example was found in which an experimental set of pro‐insecticides were designed specifically to have advantages on metabolically resistant strains, and did indeed demonstrate NCR 44 . This study demonstrated that NCR is possible by design, with simple metabolically labile pro‐forms.…”

Section: Examples Of Pro‐insecticides With Negative Cross‐resistancementioning

confidence: 76%

The potential of pro‐insecticides for resistance management

David

2021

Pest Management Science

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Pro‐insecticides have been a significant part of the insecticide market for decades. Bioactivation of such compounds is generally an enzyme‐controlled process, in which the target insect metabolizes the pro‐form into an active compound. This approach has several potential advantages, including improved bio‐kinetic properties and safety profiles of the pro‐insecticide relative to the active form. A less common advantage of pro‐insecticides is increased activity on metabolically resistant strains. Specific cases in which a pro‐insecticide demonstrates negative cross‐resistance (NCR) on a metabolically resistant strain due to increased bioactivation of the pro‐insecticide have been noted sporadically over the past 50+ years but have not been reviewed before. The purpose of this mini‐review is to catalog the cases in which a pro‐insecticide demonstrated improved activity on an insect strain resistant to a second insecticide via a metabolic mechanism. Cases are relatively rare, but where it does occur the mechanism of NCR is generally recognized as being due to the increased metabolic activity of the resistant strain. These observations can provide learnings with potential application for resistance management if the correct pro‐insecticide is selected for a resistant strain which is better able to bioactivate it. A better understanding of the bioactivation of pro‐insecticides by resistant insects could also aid in insecticide discovery, potentially leading to improved pro‐insecticide design. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry

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Proinsecticides effective against insecticide‐resistant peach‐potato aphid ( Myzus persicae (Sulzer))

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Functional analysis of CYP6ER1, a P450 gene associated with imidacloprid resistance in Nilaparvata lugens

Functional analysis of CYP6ER1, a P450 gene associated with imidacloprid resistance in Nilaparvata lugens

Resveratrol acts as a natural profungicide and induces self‐intoxication by a specific laccase

The potential of pro‐insecticides for resistance management

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