“…Several cytokines, including interferon-␣ (IFN␣), IFN␥, and interleukin-10 (IL-10), can up-regulate BLyS messenger RNA levels in, and BLyS protein production by, myeloid-lineage cells (e.g., monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils) (32,38,39). In addition, certain cytokines, such as IL-8 or TNF␣, can promote the release of intracellular BLyS stores from neutrophils (40). Although these cytokines may be implicated in the elevated circulating BLyS levels associated with periods of disease activity, it is uncertain what role these cytokines may play during the periods of clinical remission, accompanied by falling levels of acute-phase proteins, following BCDT.…”