Proinflammatory Cytokines in Bovine Colostrum Potentiate the Mitogenic Response of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Newborn Calves through IL‐2 and CD25 Expression

Abstract

Colostrum contains various agents to compensate for insufficiency of nutrient and immune components in newborns, such as immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, and vitamins (25). In addition, colostrum feeding is considered to enhance T cell-mediated responses and to improve B cell immunity in the immature immune systems in newborns (21,22). Our previous study showed the presence of high concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) in bovine colostrum (13). It is likely that colostral cytokines are transferred to newborn calves (12,14,33). These cytokines, except for IL-1ra, potentiate immunological functions (4,8,23,29,31). Therefore, colostral cytokines are considered to play important roles in development of immunologic functions of neonates (2, 27).Indeed, our previous study demonstrated transfer of orally administered recombinant bovine (rb) IL-1β into serum of neonatal calves and activation of circulating lymphocytes and neutrophils by this cytokine (14).In the present study, to determine the effects of colostral cytokines on neonatal immune functions, we investigated the effect of each of the cytokines mentioned above on the blastogenic activity toward concanavalin A (ConA) of PBMC obtained from newborn calves before the calves had been fed colostrum. In addition, we also examined the expression of IL-2 mRNA and the expression of IL-2 receptor α chain, i.e., CD25, in these PBMC, since IL-2 has been shown to be crucial for the clonal expansion of T cells and growth of B cells and since α chains are expressed on activated cells Proinflammatory Cytokines in Bovine Colostrum

Comparison of the peripheral blood leukocyte population between Japanese Black and Holstein calves

“…2005). The CD25 expression on PBMCs from newborn calves was enhanced by several proinflammatory cytokine stimulations (Yamanaka et al . 2003).…”

Growth factors from bovine milk and colostrum: composition, extraction and biological activities

“…This information has been added in Table I whenever available. It is known that the growth factor concentration in colostrum is the highest during the first hours of calving and generally declines substantially in a time-dependent manner following peak concentration [7,16,30,38,64,89,105,108,109,125,143,147,151,180,190,192,198,204,206,210,229,232,240]. In addition, the total protein concentration decreases markedly during the first four days of lactation [7,64,93,151,173].…”

Oral administration of bovine colostrum stimulates intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes to polarize Th1-type in mice

“…Colostrum, the early milk produced during the first several days post-parturition, contains higher amounts of immunoglobulins, growth factors, cytokines, and nucleotides than are found in milk [34][35][36][37]. Bovine colostrum are also rich in oligosaccharides, antimicrobials, and immunoregulating factors, which are thought to provide passive immunity to protect the newborn calf from opportunistic infections while the immune system is developing, as well as to facilitate the growth and immune maturation of the digestive tract and possibly other tissues [38].…”