Prohydrojasmon Promotes the Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds in Red Leaf Lettuce

Abstract

Prohydrojasmon (PDJ) is a synthetic jasmonate derivative that is primarily used as a growth regulator, but its mechanism of action is unclear. In this study, we elucidated the effects of PDJ on phytochemical production in red leaf lettuce. The PDJ treatments promoted the accumulation of phenolic compounds in aerial plant parts. An LC-MS analysis revealed that these accumulated compounds were identified as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)-glucoside methyl ester. The abundance of these compounds in lettuce extracts increased significantly in response to the PDJ treatment. Additionally, the LC-MS analysis also identified the accumulated phenolic compounds in the extracts of PDJ-treated lettuce, including caffeoyltartaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeoylmalic acid, chicoric acid, and dicaffeoylquinic acid. Gene expression analyses indicated the PDJ treatments upregulated the expression of PAL, F3H, and ANS genes in lettuce. These results suggest that PDJ treatments enhance the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds, resulting in an increase in the quantities of these compounds, which reportedly have various functions affecting human physiology.

Post-harvest Application of Methyl Jasmonate or Prohydrojasmon Affects Color Development and Anthocyanins Biosynthesis in Peach by Regulation of Sucrose Metabolism

“…With the exception of MeJA treatments at day five, expression of UFGT gene was significantly induced by both jasmonates ( Figure 5G ), there were no significant differences between treatments at most time points, and the trends were similar to the observed catalytic activities. The upregulation of phenylpropanoid-related genes in PDJ-treated lettuce after 48 h was reported ( 48 ). Highly significant correlations were also found among flavonoids, anthocyanins, PAL and genes expression of ANS , DFR , and UFGT , which were involved in the metabolism of anthocyanin, quercitrin, and epicatechin ( 49 ).…”

Vermiliquer as a biostimulant and antioxidant in hydroponic lettuce (Lactuca sativa) production

“…The addition of vermiliquer and vermiwash triggered oxidative stress conditions, such as SOD and catalase (CAT) activities (Table 3). Furthermore, the PAL activity was quantified as an indirect indicator of the total phenolic compounds through the phenylpropanoid pathway (Takahashi et al 2021) (Figure 3).…”

Long-Chain Molecules with Agro-Bioactivities and Their Applications

“…It is believed that these compounds can improve crop quality by increasing anthocyanin, glucosinolate, terpene, and phenolic levels, all of which contribute to the quality of crops [192][193][194][195]. The application of PDJ as a plant growth regulator is mainly focused on fruits, including apples, oranges, mangoes and grapes [191,196,197]. PDJ has similar effects to endogenous JAs and has been shown to affect a variety of physiological processes, including senescence, leaf abscission, fruit ripening, coloration, and pigment accumulation.…”