Progressive unconformities within an evolving foreland fold–thrust belt, Zagros Mountains

Hessami, Khaled; Koyi, Hemin; Talbot, Christopher J.; Tabasi, Hadi; Shabanian, Esmaeil

doi:10.1144/0016-764901-007

Cited by 298 publications

(232 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Stoneley, 1990;Alavi, 1994;Hessami et al 2001;Mohajjel, Fergusson & Sahandi, 2003;Agard et al 2005Agard et al , 2006Mouthereau et al 2007;Piryaei et al 2010). However, most of these reconstructions are qualitative and thus difficult to compare with our results.…”

Section: B Comparison With Previous Qualitative Arabian Margin Recmentioning

confidence: 70%

Crustal-scale cross-sections across the NW Zagros belt: implications for the Arabian margin reconstruction

et al. 2011

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-Quantified balanced and restored crustal cross-sections across the NW Zagros Mountains are presented in this work integrating geological and geophysical local and global datasets. The balanced crustal cross-section reproduces the surficial folding and thrusting of the thick cover succession, including the near top of the Sarvak Formation (∼ 90 Ma) that forms the top of the restored crustal cross-section. The base of the Arabian crust in the balanced cross-section is constrained by recently published seismic receiver function results showing a deepening of the Moho from 42 ± 2 km in the undeformed foreland basin to 56 ± 2 km beneath the High Zagros. The internal parts of the deformed crustal cross-section are constrained by new seismic tomographic sections imaging a ∼ 50 • NE-dipping sharp contact between the Arabian and Iranian crusts. These surfaces bound an area of 10 800 km 2 that should be kept constant during the Zagros orogeny. The Arabian crustal cross-section is restored using six different tectonosedimentary domains according to their sedimentary facies and palaeobathymetries, and assuming Airy isostasy and area conservation. While the two southwestern domains were directly determined from well-constrained surface data, the reconstruction of the distal domains to the NE was made using the recent margin model of Wrobel-Daveau et al. (2010) and fitting the total area calculated in the balanced cross-section. The Arabian continental-oceanic boundary, at the time corresponding to the near top of the Sarvak Formation, is located 169 km to the NE of the trace of the Main Recent Fault. Shortening is estimated at ∼ 180 km for the cover rocks and ∼ 149 km for the Arabian basement, including all compressional events from Late Cretaceous to Recent time, with an average shortening rate of ∼ 2 mm yr −1 for the last 90 Ma.

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Section: B Comparison With Previous Qualitative Arabian Margin Recmentioning

confidence: 70%

Crustal-scale cross-sections across the NW Zagros belt: implications for the Arabian margin reconstruction

et al. 2011

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“…the Khanaqin Fault; e.g. Berberian, 1995;Hessami et al, 2001) that should presently act as a right-lateral fault. Folds in the Lurestan arc affect an about 10 km-thick sedimentary succession (Hessami et al, 2001;Ziegler, 2001;Homke et al, 2009;Vergés et al, 2011;English et al, 2015).…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Berberian, 1995;Hessami et al, 2001) that should presently act as a right-lateral fault. Folds in the Lurestan arc affect an about 10 km-thick sedimentary succession (Hessami et al, 2001;Ziegler, 2001;Homke et al, 2009;Vergés et al, 2011;English et al, 2015). In detail, the uppermost Proterozoic basement of the Arabian plate in the Lurestan region is overlain by a nearly 3000 m thick Paleozoic succession dominated by continental clastic deposits (Jassim and Goff, 2006;Bordenave, 2008).…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean during the Late Cretaceous led to the formation of a flexural basin, filled by a ca. 2 km thick Maastrichtian to Eocene succession (Hessami et al, 2001;Homke et al, 2009;Vergés et al, 2011;Saura et al, 2015), evolving from deep-marine marls and limestones to a prograding wedge of deep marine to continental clastic sediments. This first foredeep infill is overlain by about 500 m of shallowwater carbonates of the Shahbazan and Asmari Fm (Oligocene-lower Miocene), passing upward to lower Miocene evaporites.…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Renewed shortening and thrusting from the late Miocene to the recent led to the deposition of a younger foreland basin clastic infill ( Fig. 3) (Hessami et al, 2001;Jassim and Goff, 2006;Homke et al, 2009). …”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The seismogenic fault system of the 2017 <i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 7.3 Iran-Iraq earthquake: constraints from surface and subsurface data, cross-section balancing and restoration

Tavani¹,

Parente²,

Puzone³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The 2017 Mw 7.3 Iran-Iraq earthquake occurred in a region where the pattern of major plate convergence is well constrained, but limited information is available on the seismogenic structures. Geological observations, interpretation of seismic reflection profiles, and well data are used in this paper to build a regional balanced cross-section that provides a comprehensive picture of the geometry and dimensional parameters of active faults in the hypocentral area. Our results indicate: (i) coexistence of thin-and thick-skinned thrusting, (ii) reactivation of inherited structures, and (iii) occurrence of weak units promoting heterogeneous deformation within the Paleo-Cenozoic sedimentary cover and partial decoupling from the underlying basement. According to our study, the main shock of the

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Buildup of a dynamically supported orogenic plateau: Numerical modeling of the Zagros/Central Iran case study

François

Burov

Agard

et al. 2014

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The Iranian plateau is a vast inland region with a smooth average elevation of c. 1.5 km formed at the rear of the Zagros orogen as a result of the Arabia-Eurasia collision (i.e., over the last [30][31][32][33][34][35]. This collision zone is of particular interest due to its disputed resemblance to the faster Himalayan collision, which gave birth to the Tibetan plateau around 50 Myr ago. Recent studies have suggested that a recent (10-5 Ma) slab break-off event below Central Iran caused the formation of the Iranian plateau. Here, we test several hypotheses through large-scale (3082 3 590 km) numerical models of continental subduction models that incorporate a free upper surface erosion, rheological stratification, brittle-elastic-ductile rheologies, and metamorphic phase changes (density and physical properties) and account for the specific crustal and thermal structure of the Arabian and Iranian continental lithospheres. We test the impact of the transition from oceanic to continental subduction and the topographic consequences of the progressive slowdown of the convergence rate during continental subduction. Our results demonstrate the role of mantle flow beneath the overriding plate, initiated as an indirect consequence of slab break-off. This flow creates a dynamic topography support during continental subduction and results in delamination of the overriding plate lithospheric mantle followed by isostatic readjustment, hence of further uplift and maintenance of a plateau-like topography without significant crustal thickening. The slowdown of the convergence rate during the development of the continental subduction/collision phase largely contributes to this process by controlling the timing and depth of slab break-off.

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Progressive unconformities within an evolving foreland fold–thrust belt, Zagros Mountains

Cited by 298 publications

References 29 publications

Crustal-scale cross-sections across the NW Zagros belt: implications for the Arabian margin reconstruction

Crustal-scale cross-sections across the NW Zagros belt: implications for the Arabian margin reconstruction

The seismogenic fault system of the 2017 <i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 7.3 Iran-Iraq earthquake: constraints from surface and subsurface data, cross-section balancing and restoration

Buildup of a dynamically supported orogenic plateau: Numerical modeling of the Zagros/Central Iran case study

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Progressive unconformities within an evolving foreland fold–thrust belt, Zagros Mountains

Cited by 298 publications

References 29 publications

Crustal-scale cross-sections across the NW Zagros belt: implications for the Arabian margin reconstruction

Crustal-scale cross-sections across the NW Zagros belt: implications for the Arabian margin reconstruction

The seismogenic fault system of the 2017 &lt;i&gt;M&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; 7.3 Iran-Iraq earthquake: constraints from surface and subsurface data, cross-section balancing and restoration

Buildup of a dynamically supported orogenic plateau: Numerical modeling of the Zagros/Central Iran case study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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The seismogenic fault system of the 2017 <i>M<sub>w</sub></i> 7.3 Iran-Iraq earthquake: constraints from surface and subsurface data, cross-section balancing and restoration