Progressive Swelling, Hyperkeratosis, and Fibrosis of Distal Limbs in Clydesdales, Shires, and Belgian Draft Horses, Suggestive of Primary Lymphedema

Cock, H. E V De; Affolter, Verena K.; Wisner, Erik R.; Ferraro, Gregory L.; Maclachlan, Nigel J

doi:10.1089/153968503768330238

Cited by 36 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…; Powell & Affolter ), including the Belgian Draught Horse (De Cock et al . ; De Keyser et al ., ). Typical lesions occur at the level of the lower limbs, including a slight to severe swelling with progressively deteriorating skin lesions and deformation (De Cock et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This supports the assumption of a genetic CPL susceptibility in the Belgian Draught and other related populations worldwide, for example the American Belgian, the Shire and the Clydesdale (De Cock et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Typical lesions occur at the level of the lower limbs, including a slight to severe swelling with progressively deteriorating skin lesions and deformation (De Cock et al . ; Ferraro ). Symptoms arise secondarily, most likely resulting from a reduced lymphatic drainage in skin and subcutis (De Cock et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic parameters for chronic progressive lymphedema in Belgian Draught Horses

Keyser

Janssens

Peeters

et al. 2014

J Animal Breeding Genetics

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Genetic parameters for chronic progressive lymphedema (CPL)-associated traits in Belgian Draught Horses were estimated, using a multitrait animal model. Clinical scores of CPL in the four limbs/horse (CPLclin ), skinfold thickness and hair samples (hair diameter) were studied. Due to CPLclin uncertainty in younger horses (progressive CPL character), a restricted data set (D_3+) was formed, excluding records from horses under 3 years from the complete data set (D_full). Age, gender, coat colour and limb hair pigmentation were included as fixed, permanent environment and date of recording as random effects. Higher CPLclin certainty (D_3+) increased heritability coefficients of, and genetic correlations between traits, with CPLclin heritabilities (SE) for the respective data sets: 0.11 (0.06) and 0.26 (0.05). A large proportion of the CPLclin variance was attributed to the permanent environmental effect in D_full, but less in D_3+. Date of recording explained a proportion of variance from 0.09 ± 0.03 to 0.61 ± 0.08. Additive genetic correlations between CPLclin and both skinfold thickness and hair diameter showed the latter two traits cannot be used as a direct diagnostic aid for CPL. Due to the relatively low heritability of CPLclin , selection should focus on estimated breeding values (from repeated clinical examinations) to reduce CPL occurrence in the Belgian Draught Horse.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Genetic parameters for chronic progressive lymphedema in Belgian Draught Horses

Keyser

Janssens

Peeters

et al. 2014

J Animal Breeding Genetics

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“…The mechanism of disease is thought to be a degradation of elastin causing loss of support and subsequent dysfunction of the lymphatics (DeCock et al 2006; DeCock et al 2003; DeCock et al 2009; van Brantegem et al 2007). Single nucleotide polymorphisms identified within FOXC2, a gene causative for a similar condition in humans, were investigated and showed no association with clinical CPL in the animals studied (Young et al 2007).…”

Section: Simple Genetic Diseases Of the Domestic Horsementioning

confidence: 99%

Equine clinical genomics: A clinician's primer

Brosnahan

Brooks

Antczak³

2010

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary The objective of this review is to introduce equine clinicians to the rapidly evolving field of clinical genomics with a vision of improving the health and welfare of the domestic horse. For fifteen years a consortium of veterinary geneticists and clinicians has worked together under the umbrella of The Horse Genome Project. This group, encompassing 22 laboratories in 12 countries, has made rapid progress, developing several iterations of linkage, physical and comparative gene maps of the horse with increasing levels of detail. In early 2006, the research was greatly facilitated when the U.S. National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health added the horse to the list of mammalian species scheduled for whole genome sequencing. The genome of the domestic horse has now been sequenced and is available to researchers worldwide in publicly accessible databases. This achievement creates the potential for transformative change within the horse industry, particularly in the fields of internal medicine, sports medicine and reproduction. The genome sequence has enabled the development of new genome-wide tools and resources for studying inherited diseases of the horse. To date, researchers have identified eleven mutations causing ten clinical syndromes in the horse. Testing is commercially available for all but one of these diseases. Future research will probably identify the genetic bases for other equine diseases, produce new diagnostic tests and generate novel therapeutics for some of these conditions. This will enable equine clinicians to play a critical role in ensuring the thoughtful and appropriate application of this knowledge as they assist clients with breeding and clinical decision-making.

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“…Typically, lymphoedema first appears as a soft, pitting subcutaneous oedema, often not identified in the presence of heavy feathering. However, careful palpation allows detection of small fibrotic folds and oedema in horses as young as 2 years of age (De Cock et al . 2003; Ferraro 2003), sometimes mistaken for scar tissue due to mite infestation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined decongestive therapy including equine manual lymph drainage to assist management of chronic progressive lymphoedema in draught horses

Powell

Affolter

2011

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Equine chronic progressive lymphoedema (CPL) is a disabling disorder of draught horse breeds. Combined decongestive therapy (CDT) is the treatment of choice for lymphoedema in man and has been adapted for use in horses. Equine CDT, which includes manual lymph drainage (MLD) and subsequent bandaging with short stretch bandages, was expected to improve the signs of CPL in draught horses because CPL resembles primary lymphoedema in man. Five affected horses ‐ Gypsy cob (n = 1), Clydesdale (n = 1), Shires (n = 3) ‐ were included. Lesions were documented pre‐ and post treatment. Percentage volume loss of the distal legs was calculated using the disc model. Initial plans for daily CDT had to be adapted; intermittent treatment of Chorioptes infections required alternating between CDT and MLD in 4/5 horses. Concurrent pyoderma (1/5 horses) was treated throughout the study. Development of unrelated lameness (hoof abscess) allowed limited CDT treatment only in one horse. Marked softening of previously firm tissue indicated the change from ‘brawny’ to pitting oedema in 2/5 horses. Fibrotic nodules and folds in the pasterns became markedly softened and smaller in 2/5 horses. Skin surface notably improved in all horses: hyperkeratosis decreased, erosions and ulcerations healed completely and crusts disappeared. After 2 weeks, a mean volume reduction of 11.25% was seen, ranging from 4.75–21.74% and quality of movement improved. This pilot study documents evidence that CDT assists management of CPL. Current CPL management is limited to palliative treatments of secondary infections. Whilst not a permanent treatment, CDT offers a promising tool to manage horses with CPL, improving their quality of life and potential usefulness. More extensive and prolonged studies with a larger number of horses are warranted to evaluate the full potential of CDT.

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Progressive Swelling, Hyperkeratosis, and Fibrosis of Distal Limbs in Clydesdales, Shires, and Belgian Draft Horses, Suggestive of Primary Lymphedema

Cited by 36 publications

References 10 publications

Genetic parameters for chronic progressive lymphedema in Belgian Draught Horses

Genetic parameters for chronic progressive lymphedema in Belgian Draught Horses

Equine clinical genomics: A clinician's primer

Combined decongestive therapy including equine manual lymph drainage to assist management of chronic progressive lymphoedema in draught horses

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