1967
DOI: 10.1093/brain/90.4.863
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Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: Electron Microscope Study of Four Cases

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Cited by 38 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…Another case is cited (Brain and Wilkinson, 1965) of a male patient, aged 40 years, with cerebellar dysfunction, parkinsonian facies and tremor associated with bronchial carcinoma; death occurred after 14 months and the neuropathological findings included the typical loss of Purkinje cells with astrocytosis of the cerebellar cortex and demyelination and perivascular lacunae affecting the globus pallidus. A further case, a male aged 45 years, developed parkinsonian facies, tremor and other neurological features 11 years after the onset of lymphoma; death occurred after 2 months, and demyelination and microglial proliferation involving the basal ganglia, and demyelination with loss of Purkinje cells and astrocytosis of the cerebellum were found (Woodhouse et al, 1967). In the present case, despite the clinical features of extrapyramidal disease, the basal ganglia were histologically normal.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 41%
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“…Another case is cited (Brain and Wilkinson, 1965) of a male patient, aged 40 years, with cerebellar dysfunction, parkinsonian facies and tremor associated with bronchial carcinoma; death occurred after 14 months and the neuropathological findings included the typical loss of Purkinje cells with astrocytosis of the cerebellar cortex and demyelination and perivascular lacunae affecting the globus pallidus. A further case, a male aged 45 years, developed parkinsonian facies, tremor and other neurological features 11 years after the onset of lymphoma; death occurred after 2 months, and demyelination and microglial proliferation involving the basal ganglia, and demyelination with loss of Purkinje cells and astrocytosis of the cerebellum were found (Woodhouse et al, 1967). In the present case, despite the clinical features of extrapyramidal disease, the basal ganglia were histologically normal.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 41%
“…The older immunological literature contains references to cross-reactivity between components of brain, other tissues, and corpus luteum, testicle and kidney (Wilkinson, 1964;Wilkinson and Zeromski, 1965) and, in the midsixties, complement-fixing autoantibodies to brain tissue in serum and CSF were observed in patients with paraneoplastic neurological diseases (Wilkinson, 1964). These autoantibodies were present only in patients with sensory carcinomatous neuropathy (Wilkinson and Zeromski, 1965), and further studies suggested reactivity with a neuronal antigen which was organ-specific but not speciesspecific, and was probably a protein present in the microsome-rich fraction of brain homogenates (Zeromski and Wilkinson, 1966). Moreover, experimental studies (Coates and Carnegie, 1975;Flavell et al, 1979) in guinea-pigs have shown that injection of acid extracts of cancer tissue may induce cell-mediated immune responses to basic protein of myelin, demonstrable by in vitro assays and cutaneous reactivity.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…PML, which was first described as an entity by Astrom et a1 (19), is associated with papovavirus infection (20,21), usually of the JC type (5,20) but occasionally SV40-like virus (22)(23)(24). The majority of patients affected by the disease are immunocompromised either by primary diseases such as lymphoma, leukemia, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or by immunosuppressive therapy.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…From 1958 to 2004, a total of 46 patients (M/F 30/ 15, median age 54 years, range 23-79 years) with a definitive diagnosis of LPD-associated PML were reported in the literature [2,. Twenty-two of them (47.8%) were assigned to group A [2,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] and 24 (52.2%), to group B . The number of published cases of PML associated with LPDs began to increase after 1997, when purine analogues became widely used ( Fig.…”
Section: Demographic and Clinical Characteristicsmentioning
confidence: 99%