Progressive Involution and Physiological Death of Smooth Muscle Cells of Rat Incisal Arterioles

Thorball, N; Moe, Hla Hla; Winther-Nielsen, H

doi:10.1159/000158598

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Necrosis or accidental type of cell death, initially described as a distinct subgroup of cell death, can be recognized as a terminal stage of apoptosis and autophagy. Morphological studies of cell death in tissue revealed that different forms of cell death may occur simultaneously (Thorball et al 1985, Anglade et al 1997. Moreover, dying cells may share apoptotic and autophagic features (Ômixed type' of cell death) (Bursch et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acid Deprivation Induces Both Apoptosis and Autophagy in Murine C2C12 Muscle Cells

et al. 2005

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Apoptosis and autophagy are closely interconnected types of programmed cell death. In the present study, mouse C2C12 muscle cells were starved in Earle's Balanced Salt Solution or treated with TNF-alpha and cycloheximide to induce autophagy and apoptosis, respectively. The majority of starved C2C12 cells underwent autophagy, as shown by LC3 processing, formation of autophagic vesicles and bulk degradation of long-lived proteins. However, some cells showed features of apoptosis including caspase-3 cleavage, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation and annexin V labeling. Caspase-3 cleavage was also induced in culture medium without serum, suggesting that serum withdrawal rather than amino acid deprivation triggered apoptosis. Starvation eliminated multiple pro-apoptotic proteins, but upregulated caspase-8, and rendered starved C2C12 cells much more susceptible to TNF-alpha/cycloheximide-induced apoptosis than non-starved cells. Our data suggest that amino acid deprivation of C2C12 cells induces a complex form of cell death with hallmarks of both apoptosis and autophagy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acid Deprivation Induces Both Apoptosis and Autophagy in Murine C2C12 Muscle Cells

et al. 2005

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“…Apoptosis is not only an important physiological process during embryonic development, but it is thought to play an important role in the pathophysiology and treatment of many diseases, such as cancers (Kerr, Winterford, and Harmon 1994). As for blood vessels, apoptosis has been found only, so far, in neonatal lamb arteries (Cho, Courtman, and Langille 1995) and human incisal arteries (Thorball, Moe, and Winther-Nielsen 1985). Evidence has been accumulating, since 1994, to suggest that apoptosis probably occurs in hypertension (Devlin et al 2000), peripheral and coronary atherosclerosis (Geng and Libby 1995), and cystal medial degeneration and aortic dissection (Ihling et al 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cocaine Induces Apoptosis in Primary Cultured Rat Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Possible Relationship to Aortic Dissection, Atherosclerosis, and Hypertension

et al. 2004

Int J Toxicol

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Cocaine abuse is known to induce many adverse cardiovascular effects, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and aortic dissection. A major physiological event leading to these pathophysiological actions of cocaine could be apoptosis. This study was designed to investigate if primary cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can undergo apoptosis when treated with cocaine. After treatment with cocaine (10(-6) to 10(-4) M), morphological analysis of aortic VSMCs using confocal fluoresence microscopy showed that the percentage of apoptotic aortic VSMCs increased after cocaine (10(-6) to 10(-4) M) treatment for 12, 24, and 48 h. These results demonstrate that aortic VSMCs can undergo rapid apoptosis in response to cocaine in a concentration-dependent manner. Cocaine-induced apoptosis may thus play a major role in cocaine abuse-induced aortic dissection, atherosclerosis, and hypertension.

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“…It may be that the stresses of serum deprivation and the other processes involved in preparing a highly concentrated graft cell suspension (TC) trigger autophagic graft cell death. Cells that undergo autophagic cell death may be cleared by phagocytosis 122–124 in a process that limits inflammatory and immunological responses 125 . Consistent with these features of autophagic cell death, there was clear evidence of graft engulfment by macrophages and neutrophils in this study (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Subretinal Allograft Rejection is Characterized by Innate Immune Activity

et al. 2017

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Successful subretinal transplantation is limited by considerable early graft loss despite pharmacological suppression of adaptive immunity. We postulated that early innate immune activity is a dominant factor in determining graft survival and chose a nonimmunosuppressed mouse model of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell transplantation to explore this. Expression of almost all measured cytokines by DH01 RPE cells increased significantly following graft preparation, and the neutrophil chemoattractant KC/GRO/CINC was most significantly increased. Subretinal allografts of DH01 cells (C57BL/10 origin) into healthy, non immunosuppressed C57BL/6 murine eyes were harvested and fixed at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days postoperatively and subsequently cryosectioned and stained. Graft cells were detected using SV40 large T antigen (SV40T) immunolabeling and apoptosis/necrosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Sections were also immunolabeled for macrophage (CD11b and F4/80), neutrophil (Gr1 Ly-6G), and T-lymphocyte (CD3-e) infiltration. Images captured with an Olympus FV1000 confocal microscope were analyzed using the Imaris software. The proportion of the subretinal bolus comprising graft cells (SV40T + ) was significantly ( p < 0.001) reduced between postoperative day (POD) 3 (90 ± 4%) and POD 7 (20 ± 7%). CD11b + , F4/80 + , and Gr1 Ly-6G + cells increased significantly ( p < 0.05) from POD 1 and predominated over SV40T + cells by POD 7. Colabeling confocal microscopic analysis demonstrated graft engulfment by neutrophils and macrophages at POD 7, and reconstruction of z-stacked confocal images confirmed SV40T inside Gr1 Ly-6G + cells. Expression of CD3-e was low and did not differ significantly between time points. By POD 28, no graft cells were detectable and few inflammatory cells remained. These studies reveal, for the first time, a critical role for innate immune mechanisms early in subretinal graft rejection. The future success of subretinal transplantation will require more emphasis on techniques to limit innate immune-mediated graft loss, rather than focusing exclusively on suppression of the adaptive immune response.

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Progressive Involution and Physiological Death of Smooth Muscle Cells of Rat Incisal Arterioles

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Amino Acid Deprivation Induces Both Apoptosis and Autophagy in Murine C2C12 Muscle Cells

Amino Acid Deprivation Induces Both Apoptosis and Autophagy in Murine C2C12 Muscle Cells

Cocaine Induces Apoptosis in Primary Cultured Rat Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Possible Relationship to Aortic Dissection, Atherosclerosis, and Hypertension

Early Subretinal Allograft Rejection is Characterized by Innate Immune Activity

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