Progressive brain atrophy on serial MRI in dementia with Lewy bodies, AD, and vascular dementia

O’Brien, John T.; Paling, S. M.; Barber, Robert; Williams, E. D.; Ballard, Clive; McKeith, Ian G.; Gholkar, A; Crum, William R.; Rossor, Martin N.; Fox, Nick C.

doi:10.1212/wnl.56.10.1386

Cited by 195 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

109

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Some studies have reported higher atrophy rates for AD subjects although subjects were often more severely affected at the time of imaging. For example, O'Brien et al reported a brain atrophy rate of 2.0%/year (0.9%/year) in patients with a mean age of 75 and mean MMSE of 16 [9]; Fox et al reported a brain atrophy rate of 2.4%/year (1.1%/year) for a mean age of 65 and mean MMSE of 20 [30]; Archer et al reported a brain atrophy rate of 1.8%/year (1.4%/year) for a mean age of 66 and mean MMSE 21 [31]; Wang et al reported a brain atrophy rate of 2.4%/year (1.2%/year) for a mean age of 67 and mean MMSE 20 [32]; Sluimer et al reported a rate of 1.9%/year (0.9%/year) for a mean age of 67 years and mean MMSE 22 [12]. The mean MMSE in ADNI is higher than the studies reported above, as ADNI enrolled at an early disease stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Direct methods have been shown to be more precise than indirect methods [8]. Measures of volume loss from MRI have been used to assess atrophy in AD [6,9], and to differentiate MCI and AD from controls [10][11][12]. Longitudinal studies show normal controls to have age-related cerebral atrophy rates of around 0.5% per year in subjects aged 65-75 [13,14]; while atrophy rates in AD are around 2% per year [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Volume changes in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment: cognitive associations

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To assess the relationship between MRI-derived changes in whole-brain and ventricular volume with change in cognitive scores in Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and control subjects. Material and methods: In total 131 control, 231 MCI and 99 AD subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort with T1-weighted volumetric MRIs from baseline and 12-month follow-up were used to derive volume changes. Mini mental state examination (MMSE), Alzheimer's disease assessment scale (ADAS)-cog and trails test changes were calculated over the same period. Results: Brain atrophy rates and ventricular enlargement differed between subject groups (p<0.0005) and in MCI and AD were associated with MMSE changes. Both measures were additionally associated with ADAS-cog and trails-B in MCI patients, and ventricular expansion was associated with ADAS-cog in AD patients. Brain atrophy (p<0.0005) and ventricular expansion rates (p=0.001) were higher in MCI subjects who progressed to AD within 12 months of follow-up compared with MCI subjects who remained stable. MCI subjects who progressed to AD within 12 months had similar atrophy rates to AD subjects. Conclusion: Whole-brain atrophy rates and ventricular enlargement differed between patient groups and healthy controls, and tracked disease progression and psychological decline, demonstrating their relevance as biomarkers.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volume changes in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment: cognitive associations

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…41 Ventricular enlargement appears to have a higher predictive value in the earlier transition stages as opposed to the later stagethat is, from normal cognition to MCI or AD and less so from MCI to AD. 13,42 VBM has also been used to reveal the spatial profile of aging and gender effects in normal subjects, 28,43,44 frontotemporal and Lewy body dementia, [45][46][47][48] Parkinson's disease, and even herpes simplex encephalitis. 49 For analysis of cortical gray matter atrophy, VBM may not be optimal.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Mapping as a Tool to Study Neurodegeneration

Apostolova

Thompson

2007

Neurotherapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder for those 65 years or older; it currently affects 4.5 million in the United States and is predicted to rise to 13.2 million by the year 2050. Neuroimaging and brain mapping techniques offer extraordinary power to understand AD, providing spatially detailed information on the extent and trajectory of the disease as it spreads in the living brain. Computational anatomy techniques, applied to large databases of brain MRI scans, reveal the dynamic sequence of cortical and hippocampal changes with disease progression and how these relate to cognitive decline and future clinical outcomes. People who are mildly cognitively impaired, in particular, are at a fivefold increased risk of imminent conversion to dementia, and they show specific structural brain changes that are predictive of imminent disease onset. We review the principles and key findings of several new methods for assessing brain degeneration, including voxel-based morphometry, tensor-based morphometry, cortical thickness mapping, hippocampal atrophy mapping, and automated methods for mapping ventricular anatomy. Applications to AD and other dementias are discussed, with a brief review of related findings in other neurological and neuropsychiatric illnesses, including epilepsy, HIV/AIDS, schizophrenia, and disorders of brain development.

show abstract

“…cholinesterase inhibitors, also seem to exert a positive effect on cognition in VD (72). Although not specific for VD (73), cortical gray matter changes have been found to be the most consistent predictor of cognitive decline in VD (74)(75)(76)(77). Formal studies to estimate the sample sizes to detect treatment effects in VD using cortical gray matter changes as end-point have not yet been performed.…”

Section: Mr In Treatment Trials Of Vdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of treatment effects in Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases by MRI and MRS

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neurodegeneration refers to a large clinically and pathologically heterogeneous disease entity associated with slowly progressive neuronal loss in different anatomical and functional systems of the brain. Neurodegenerative diseases often affect cognition, e.g. Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies and vascular dementia, or different aspects of the motor system, e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and ataxic disorders. Owing to increasing knowledge about the mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration, the development of treatments able to modify the neurodegenerative process becomes possible for the first time. Currently, clinical outcome measures are used to assess the efficacy of such treatments. However, most clinical outcome measures have a low test-retest reliability and thus considerable measurement variance. Therefore, large patient populations and long observation times are needed to detect treatment effects. Furthermore, clinical outcome measures cannot distinguish between symptomatic and disease-modifying treatment effects. Therefore, alternative biomarkers including neuroimaging may take on a more important role in this process. Because MR scanners are widely available and allow for non-invasive detection and quantification of changes in brain structure and metabolism, there is increasing interest in the use of MRI/MRS to monitor objectively treatment effects in clinical trials of neurodegenerative diseases. Particularly volumetric MRI has been used to measure atrophy rates in treatment trials of AD because the relationship between atrophic changes and neuron loss is well established and correlates well with clinical measures. More research is needed to determine the value of other MR modalities, i.e. diffusion, perfusion and functional MRI and MR spectroscopy, for clinical trials with neuroprotective drugs.

show abstract

Progressive brain atrophy on serial MRI in dementia with Lewy bodies, AD, and vascular dementia

Cited by 195 publications

References 11 publications

Volume changes in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment: cognitive associations

Volume changes in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment: cognitive associations

Brain Mapping as a Tool to Study Neurodegeneration

Evaluation of treatment effects in Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases by MRI and MRS

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About