Progression of cerebroventricular enlargement and the subtyping of schizophrenia

Elevated Interleukin-6 in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of a Previously Delineated Schizophrenia Subtype

“…The decision to use a 60% improvement on the SAPS to separate the putative endophenotypes of DR vs PR was based on previously defined differential response patterns (Garver et al, 1988(Garver et al, , 2000, proband and familial symptoms and illness course (Filbey et al, 1999), and neuroimaging studies (Nair et al, 1997). Such subtyping of the schizophrenias also appears to separate a group of patients with putative central immune activation from those who have no evidence of immune activity.…”

Atrophic and Static (Neurodevelopmental) Schizophrenic Psychoses Premorbid Functioning, Symptoms and Neuroleptic Response

“…DeLisi et al (1997), using serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), found a more rapid decrease in total brain volume in a group of first-break patients with schizophrenia compared with normal controls. Nair et al (1997) found a more rapid increase in the rate of ventricular expansion in patients with schizophrenic-like illness than in normal controls. Moreover, the Nair et al (1997) study, as well as a reanalysis of the DeLisi et al (1997) data by Garver et al (1998), provided evidence for a two-cluster (bimodal) distribution of rates of ventricular expansion: the first group of patients showed ventricular expansion similar to controls and the second group showed ventricular expansion greater than four times that of the first patient group.…”

“…The recent report of Nair et al (1997), demonstrates that an error of less than 2% in the estimate of ventricular volume is now feasible. Such reduction of error has set the stage for serious reevaluation of brain and ventricular change during schizophrenic-like illnesses.…”

“…The purpose of this report is to characterize clinically two of the psychotic illnesses previously delineated anatomically by the bimodal clustering of ventricular expansion rates in patients with schizophrenia-like illnesses (Nair et al 1997). The clinical characterization is based on 17 of the initially reported patients with serial ventricular studies (Nair et al 1997), plus six additional patients who have since completed serial scans.…”

“…The clinical characterization is based on 17 of the initially reported patients with serial ventricular studies (Nair et al 1997), plus six additional patients who have since completed serial scans. The a priori hypotheses were: (1) there would be two groups of patients with respect to rate of ventricular change (Nair et al 1997;Knoll et al 1998); (2) changing ventricle patients would have a "delayed" response to neuroleptics (Kaplan et al 1990); (3) there would be a strong relationship between total ventricular volume and age in patients with rapidly expanding ventricles (evidence for a continuous process of expansion); and (4) alcohol and drug use between ventricular volume assessments would be associated with more rapid ventricular expansion. An exploratory analyses was designed to assess interactions of conventional antipsychotics and symptoms, including differential symptom change in the two putative psychotic illnesses delineated by the two ventricular expansion rates.…”