Progress with Care

Macfarlane, Peter W.; Irving, Adele; Peden, J. C. M.; Podolski, M.; Shoat, D.; Watts, M. P.; Lawrie, T. D. V.

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-06077-1_17

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…MacFarlane et al [24] have reported sex differences in QRS voltage and duration in healthy volunteers of all ages. They have pointed to the necessity of incorporating this knowledge in the routine evaluation of the ECG, and their parameters presently form the basis for the computer programme in the new Siemens-Elema Mingograph 740.…”

Section: Consequences O F Sex Differences For the Evaluation O F The mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrocardiographic Findings according to Sex in Athletes and Controls

Storstein

Bjørnstad²,

Hals

et al. 1991

Cardiology

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We have previously compared the electrocardiogram of 1,299 male and female students of physical education and sports with 151 age- and sex-matched sedentary controls and found that the former had lower heart rate, longer conduction times and increased voltages. The same material of 1,450 young adult subjects was split according to sex into 617 females and 833 males in order to analyze the influence of gender on the resting 12-lead electrocardiogram. We found that females had a significant higher heart rate, shortened conduction times (PQ, Q, ventricular activation time and QRS) and a prolonged repolarization time (QT_C), decreased P, Q and T amplitudes as well as indices of right, septal and left hypertrophy, and ST elevation in precordial leads were lower in females than in males. These differences were highly significant with p values < 0.0001 for almost all parameters. Sinus bradycardia was more common in men and sinus tachycardia in women. The prevalence of other rhythms and supraventricular and ventricular premature beats was low in both sexes. AV block grade I was found in 1 % of females and 3% of males (p < 0.02). Notching of R/S in V₁ – V₂ and incomplete right bundle branch block were less common in females (p < 0.0001). The differences in ECG parameters between the two sexes in the total material persisted also when the athletic and control groups were investigated separately. Gender seems to be highly important for most ECG parameters in the resting ECG. This points to the necessity of discussing different upper normal limits for ECG parameters according to gender.

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Section: Consequences O F Sex Differences For the Evaluation O F The mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Textbooks on electrocardiography give little or no information on the influence of gender, and the interpretation of the elec trocardiogram is still done without correc tion of sex-related differences, with the ex ception of the computerized ECG system introduced by by Siemens-Elema based on the study of MacFarlane et al [24],…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%