Progress towards the Control of Strongyloidiasis in Tropical Australia?

Bourque, Daniel; Leder, Karin

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.19-0922

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…A seroprevalence study across northern Queensland, Australia showed a sustained reduction in S. stercoralis prevalence from 2000 to 2018, postulated to be a result of improved environmental health and the increased use of ivermectin 5 . However, as highlighted in an editorial response to this study, uncertainty remains about the health benefits to the general population of strongyloidiasis control programmes in endemic regions 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…5 However, as highlighted in an editorial response to this study, uncertainty remains about the health benefits to the general population of strongyloidiasis control programmes in endemic regions. 6 S. stercoralis is unique among soil-transmitted helminths in its 'autoinfective' reproductive cycle that allows establishment of chronic infection in human hosts without re-exposure to contaminated soil. 7 The rare complication of hyperinfection in the setting of immunosuppression is well documented with a high parasite burden and larval dissemination leading to overwhelming infection, secondary bacteraemia from translocated bowel pathogens and a high mortality rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strongyloides stercoralis seropositivity is not associated with increased symptoms in a remote Aboriginal community

Hansen

Bowden

Currie

et al. 2021

Internal Medicine Journal

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Background Strongyloides stercoralis is a soil‐transmitted helminth, endemic in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in northern Australia with estimates of prevalences up to 60%. Hyperinfection in the setting of immunosuppression is a rare, but well recognised cause of significant morbidity and mortality. However, the morbidity associated with chronic uncomplicated infection is less well characterised. Aims To measure the prevalence of symptoms potentially attributable to S. stercoralis infection and their association with seropositivity. Methods This retrospective matched case‐control study reviewed records of primary healthcare presentations for symptoms in the 12 months before and after an ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA) in a remote Aboriginal community. Results One hundred and seventy‐five S. stercoralis seropositive cases were matched with 175 seronegative controls. The most frequently reported symptom overall in the 12 months prior to the MDA was cough followed by abdominal pain, weight loss/malnutrition, diarrhoea and pruritis. Seropositive cases were not more likely than matched controls to have symptoms typically attributed to strongyloidiasis. In the seropositive cohort, we found no difference in symptoms in the 12 months before and after an ivermectin MDA despite a reduction in seroprevalence. Conclusion We found no evidence to suggest that S. stercoralis seropositivity was associated with increased symptoms when compared to matched seronegative controls. Treatment with ivermectin did not reduce symptoms in seropositive cases. Without evidence to support that population‐based screening or treatment programmes reduce symptoms, the emphasis must remain on identifying and managing those few individuals with immunosuppression that predisposes them to potentially life‐threatening hyperinfection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strongyloides stercoralis seropositivity is not associated with increased symptoms in a remote Aboriginal community

Hansen

Bowden

Currie

et al. 2021

Internal Medicine Journal

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“…Patients may suffer serious secondary infections often caused by gut bacteria carried into the tissues by autoinfective larvae [ 24 , 28 , 36 ]. Current data on the burden of infection in Australia, especially in high risk populations, is needed to inform public health policy and planning [ 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seropositivity and geographical distribution of Strongyloides stercoralis in Australia: A study of pathology laboratory data from 2012–2016

et al. 2021

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Background There are no national prevalence studies of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in Australia, although it is known to be endemic in northern Australia and is reported in high risk groups such as immigrants and returned travellers. We aimed to determine the seropositivity (number positive per 100,000 of population and percent positive of those tested) and geographical distribution of S. stercoralis by using data from pathology laboratories. Methodology We contacted all seven Australian laboratories that undertake Strongyloides serological (ELISA antibody) testing to request de-identified data from 2012–2016 inclusive. Six responded. One provided positive data only. The number of people positive, number negative and number tested per 100,000 of population (Australian Bureau of Statistics data) were calculated including for each state/territory, each Australian Bureau of Statistics Statistical Area Level 3 (region), and each suburb/town/community/locality. The data was summarized and expressed as maps of Australia and Greater Capital Cities. Principal findings We obtained data for 81,777 people who underwent serological testing for Strongyloides infection, 631 of whom were from a laboratory that provided positive data only. Overall, 32 (95% CI: 31, 33) people per 100,000 of population were seropositive, ranging between 23/100,000 (95% CI: 19, 29) (Tasmania) and 489/100,000 population (95%CI: 462, 517) (Northern Territory). Positive cases were detected across all states and territories, with the highest (260-996/100,000 and 17–40% of those tested) in regions across northern Australia, north-east New South Wales and north-west South Australia. Some regions in Greater Capital Cities also had a high seropositivity (112-188/100,000 and 17–20% of those tested). Relatively more males than females tested positive. Relatively more adults than children tested positive. Children were under-represented in the data. Conclusions/Significance The study confirms that substantial numbers of S. stercoralis infections occur in Australia and provides data to inform public health planning.

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Human Strongyloides stercoralis infection

Yang,

Xu,

zhang

et al. 2024

Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection

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Progress towards the Control of Strongyloidiasis in Tropical Australia?

Abstract: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Strongyloides stercoralis seropositivity is not associated with increased symptoms in a remote Aboriginal community

Strongyloides stercoralis seropositivity is not associated with increased symptoms in a remote Aboriginal community

Seropositivity and geographical distribution of Strongyloides stercoralis in Australia: A study of pathology laboratory data from 2012–2016

Human Strongyloides stercoralis infection

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