Progress towards standardisation of ball cratering

Gee, M.G.; Gant, A.J.; Hutchings, IM; Bethke, Reinhold; Schiffman, K; Acker, Karel Van; Poulat, S.; Gachon, Yves; Stebut, J. von

doi:10.1016/s0043-1648(03)00091-7

Cited by 168 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This test was used to evaluate wear coefficients of six AlNiTiSiB(N) coatings selected for study; a CrN ceramic coating and an uncoated AA6082 aluminium alloy were also evaluated (for comparison purposes). Slurry concentration and normal load parameters were chosen to ensure a three-body rolling wear regime (rather than two-body grooving or mixed two-body/three-body) -primarily for ease of crater volume measurement [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. A Veeco Dektak 150 surface profiler was used to obtain depth profiles of each wear crater; crater diameter was estimated using optical microscope and wear coefficient (k) was evaluated using the formula for estimating k as described in equation 6 in [15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties and abrasive wear behaviour of Al-based PVD amorphous/nanostructured coatings

Lawal

Kiryukhantsev-Korneev

Matthews

et al. 2017

Surface and Coatings Technology

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Article:Lawal, J., Kiryukhantsev-Korneev, P., Matthews, A. et Compositional analysis of AlNiTiSiB(N) coatings was carried out by glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the structure of the coatings; hardnesses and elastic moduli were also determined. The abrasive wear behaviour of the coating-substrate system was studied using a slurry micro-abrasion wear test. Nitrogenfree (AlNiTiSiB) coatings were found to be surprisingly hard and wear resistant; however, nitrogen incorporation had a significant influence on mechanical properties and abrasion resistance, with increased hardness (from 8 to 15 GPa) and a significant reduction in wear coefficient -from 6 x 10 -3 mm 3 /Nm for a nitrogen-free coating (0B), to approximately 1.5 x 10 -3 mm 3 /Nm, for a coating deposited at 15 sccm nitrogen gas flow rate (15T) -being observed in ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTA C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T the various AlNiTiSiB(N) coatings investigated. Several of the coatings were found to be comparable to convention ceramic PVD hard coatings (e.g. CrN) in terms of resistance to abrasion.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties and abrasive wear behaviour of Al-based PVD amorphous/nanostructured coatings

Lawal

Kiryukhantsev-Korneev

Matthews

et al. 2017

Surface and Coatings Technology

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“…The diameters of the worn craters were measured after sliding distances of 2.6, 5.2, 7.8, 10.4, 15.6, 31.0, 46.8, 62.4, 78.5 and 104.2 m. For measuring the dimensions of wear crater and analyzing the worn region (aiming to identify the abrasion wear modes), a confocal laser scanning microscope (Olympus LEXT OLS 3000), was used. From measuring of the worn craters diameter, the wear volume was determined for each test condition applying the equations suggested by Rutherford and Hutchings [22]. The average wear coefficient was determined from the line slope generated by the data linearization of the function = ( , ), where, is the wear volume; is the sliding distance; and the normal force.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the micro-abrasive test variables influence on wear process, already reported by other authors, as contact load [14][15][16][17][18], sliding distance [14,16,[19][20][21], sphere rotation speed [15,16,18,22], and abrasive characteristics [17,19,23,24], the first part of this project aims study the effect of abrasive particle size, counter body rotation speed and normal load on the wear behaviour (rate, coefficient and mechanism) of carburized AISI 420 steel. Similarly, considering the effect of plasma carburizing temperature and time on the microstructural features and mechanical properties of AISI 420 steel (reported by [13]), the second part of this project aims to study the effects of these parameters on micro-abrasive wear behaviour of treated samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-Abrasive Wear Behaviour of Low-Temperature Plasma Carburized Aisi 420 Martensitic Stainless Steel

Scheuer¹,

Cardoso²,

Neves³

et al. 2017

Anais Do Congresso Anual Da ABM

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Experiments were carried out aiming to study the influence of micro-abrasive wear test variables and plasma treatment parameters, on the tribological characteristics of low-temperature plasma carburized AISI 420 steel. The first part of this study was conducted in order to evaluate the influence of abrasive particle size, normal load and counter body rotation speed on carburized sample wear behavior; and the second part was conducted in order to evaluate the treatment temperature and time effect on carburized samples wear behavior. Plasma carburizing treatments were performed at 8 and 12 h, for temperatures ranging from 350 to 500°C; and at constant temperatures of 400°C for times between 12 to 48h, and for 450°C for times of 4 to 16h. Micro-abrasive wear test were performed by mean of a calowear ballcratering equipment using a polished ball of AISI 52100 steel rotating at 80, 120 and 160 rpm, for sliding distances from 2.6 to 104.2 m. Alumina abrasive particles with sizes of 0.05, 0.3 and 1.0 m were employed. The normal loads applied on this study were 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 N. Carburized sample was characterized by mean of OM, XRD and hardness measurements. Worn crater characteristics were evaluated by confocal laser microscopy. Results showed that the transient wear regime prevails along the outer layer length (composed by Fe3C and 'C), and the steady-state wear stabilizes in the diffusion layer region (composed by 'C). It was verified that the wear rate and wear coefficient decreases with treatment temperature in the range of 350-450°C and increase for 500°C. It was also verified that the wear rate and wear coefficient decreases with treatment time in the range of 12-36 h (for 400°C cycle) and 4-12 h (for 450°C cycle), and increase for larger treatment times due the chromium carbide precipitation. It was also found that the wear coefficient increases with the increase of abrasive particle size, and decrease with the increase in counter body rotation speed and normal load. Lastly, the analysis of the worn craters indicates the occurrence of grooving and micro-rolling abrasion wear mechanisms.

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“…As the ball center does not move relatively to the surface, the footprint of the test is very small. More details about the setup can be found elsewhere [Gee et al, 2003]. Two different balls with equal diameter were used to test the wear resistance: a steel ball applying a force of 0.54 N and a plastic (polyacetal) ball producing 0.092 N of normal load.…”

Section: Abrasive Wear Of Fdlcmentioning

confidence: 99%