Progress towards eliminating iodine deficiency in South Africa

Jooste, P. L.; Zimmermann, Michael

doi:10.1080/16070658.2008.11734145

Cited by 27 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Iodine deficiency is one of the most important micronutrient deficiencies in the world and can produce widespread detrimental effects in all age groups (2). Iodine depletion results in impaired mental function, decreased educability, apathy, reduced work productivity, goiter, and hypothyroidism (3,4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Iodine Nutritional Status in Tehran, Iran: Iodine Deficiency Within Iodine Sufficiency

Nazeri

Mirmiran

Mehrabi

et al. 2010

Thyroid

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Iodine Nutritional Status in Tehran, Iran: Iodine Deficiency Within Iodine Sufficiency

Nazeri

Mirmiran

Mehrabi

et al. 2010

Thyroid

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“…Permission was also granted from the Provincial and District Health Departments, South Africa. South Africa has a long-standing salt iodization program with mandatory table salt iodization at 35-65 ppm (31). The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of the participating women was 118 lg/L (interquartile range 67-179 lg/L), indicating adequate iodine intake.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of a New Mass Spectrometry Method for Measurement of Breast Milk Iodine Concentrations and an Assessment of the Effect of Analytic Method and Timing of Within-Feed Sample Collection on Breast Milk Iodine Concentrations

Dold

Baumgartner

Zeder

et al. 2016

Thyroid

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Background: Breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) may be an indicator of iodine status during lactation, but there are few data comparing different analytical methods or timing of sampling. The aims of this study were: (i) to optimize a new inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method; and (ii) to evaluate the effect of analytical method and timing of within-feed sample collection on BMIC. Methods: The colorimetric Sandell-Kolthoff method was evaluated with (a) or without (b) alkaline ashing, and ICP-MS was evaluated using a new 129 I isotope ratio approach including Tellurium (Te) for mass bias correction (c) or external standard curve (d). From iodine-sufficient lactating women (n = 97), three samples were collected within one breast-feeding session (fore-, mid-, and hind-feed samples) and BMIC was analyzed using (c) and (d). Results: Iodine recovery from NIST SRM1549a whole milk powder for methods (a)-(d) was 67%, 24%, 105%, and 102%, respectively. Intra-and inter-assay coefficients of variation for ICP-MS comparing (c) and (d) were 1.3% versus 5.6% ( p = 0.04) and 1.1% versus 2.4% ( p = 0.33). The limit of detection (LOD) was lower for (c) (0.26 lg/kg) than it was for (d) (2.54 lg/kg; p = 0.02). Using (c), the median [95% confidence interval (CI) obtained by bootstrap] BMIC (lg/kg) in foremilk (179 ) and in mid-feed milk (184 [CI 160-220]) were not significantly different ( p = 0.017), but were higher than in hindmilk (175 ; p < 0.001). In foremilk using (d), ; p < 0.001 vs. (c)). The variation in BMIC comparing (c) and (d) (13%) was greater than variation within feeding (5%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Because of poor recoveries, (a) and (b) should not be used to measure BMIC. Compared with (d), (c) has the advantages of higher precision and a lower LOD. In iodine-sufficient women, BMIC shows low variation within a breast-feeding session, so timing of sampling is not a major determinant of BMIC.

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“…Some environmental health effects due to excesses and deficiencies of nutritional elements in agricultural systems of South Africa have been documented; for example, Zn, P, K, Ca, Mn (Abrahams, 2005;Ceruti et al, 1999Ceruti et al, , 2003; I (Jooste and Zimmermann, 2008;Kalk, 1998;Kavishe, 1996); F (Louw et al, 2002;Muller et al, 1998;Ncube and Schutte, 2005; Se (Burcher, 2004;Foster, 2003;Utiger, 1998); Fe (Joffe, 1964;Wapnick et al, 1971); Fe, Zn and Mn (Cvitanich et al, 2009).…”

Section: Health Issues Arising From Dispersed Mineralsationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Efforts to eliminate IDD in South Africa have been met with remarkable progress and the goiter status of the population improved, since the introduction of mandatory iodisation of table salt in 1995 (Jooste and Zimmermann, 2008). However, some major challenges still remain, not least of which is the presence in the South African diet of goitrogens; these are substances that suppress the activity of iodine (e.g., kale, cabbage, radish and broccoli) (see e.g., Davies, 2010).…”

Section: Idione (I) Deficiency Disorders (Idd) In South Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most damaging disorder resulting from I deficiency is irreversible mental retardation occurring during the critical period from the foetal stage until the third month after birth (Jooste and Zimmermann, 2008). In South Africa, the primary concern about I deficiency is the damage to the mental development of children; severe I deficiency can cause the death of a child.…”

Section: Idione (I) Deficiency Disorders (Idd) In South Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

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