Progress Toward Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome Control and Elimination — Worldwide, 2012–2020

Zimmerman, Laura; Knapp, Jennifer K.; Antoni, Sébastien; Grant, Gavin B.; Reef, Susan E.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7106a2

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, RuV is a well-known virus in reproductive health, with a concern for potentially causing dire consequences for the fetus, although the mechanism for maternal–fetal transmission is not well established. Infection with RuV during pregnancy, especially if the infection occurs in early pregnancy, can result in various adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage, fetal death, stillbirth, or infants born with congenital disabilities including cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, psychomotor or mental retardation, known as the CRS [ 48 , 49 , 112 , 113 ]. Vaccination against RuV has been available for decades, and the eradication of rubella has reached approximately half the total number of countries in the world [ 48 ].…”

Section: Viral Infections In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infection with RuV during pregnancy, especially if the infection occurs in early pregnancy, can result in various adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage, fetal death, stillbirth, or infants born with congenital disabilities including cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, psychomotor or mental retardation, known as the CRS [ 48 , 49 , 112 , 113 ]. Vaccination against RuV has been available for decades, and the eradication of rubella has reached approximately half the total number of countries in the world [ 48 ]. RuV infection is still a concern as its epidemics and CRS have still occurred, leading to the recently reinforced RuV vaccination in some regions [ 50 , 114 , 115 , 116 ].…”

Section: Viral Infections In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Roles of TGF-β1 in Viral Infection during Pregnancy: Research Update and Perspectives

Trinh

Pham

Takada

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic growth factor playing various roles in the human body including cell growth and development. More functions of TGF-β1 have been discovered, especially its roles in viral infection. TGF-β1 is abundant at the maternal–fetal interface during pregnancy and plays an important function in immune tolerance, an essential key factor for pregnancy success. It plays some critical roles in viral infection in pregnancy, such as its effects on the infection and replication of human cytomegalovirus in syncytiotrophoblasts. Interestingly, its role in the enhancement of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and replication in first-trimester trophoblasts has recently been reported. The above up-to-date findings have opened one of the promising approaches to studying the mechanisms of viral infection during pregnancy with links to corresponding congenital syndromes. In this article, we review our current and recent advances in understanding the roles of TGF-β1 in viral infection. Our discussion focuses on viral infection during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. We highlight the mutual roles of viral infection and TGF-β1 in specific contexts and possible functions of the Smad pathway in viral infection, with a special note on ZIKV infection. In addition, we discuss promising approaches to performing further studies on this topic.

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Section: Viral Infections In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Viral Infections In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of TGF-β1 in Viral Infection during Pregnancy: Research Update and Perspectives

Trinh

Pham

Takada

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Introduction was initially only in high-income countries, but by 2020, rubella vaccine had been introduced in 48% of low-income countries. Of 21 countries that had not introduced rubella vaccine by the end of 2020, a total of 14 were low-income countries ( 19 ). Of the 93 countries that have eliminated rubella disease, only 3 were identified as low-income countries.…”

Section: Vaccination Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Past as Prologue—Use of Rubella Vaccination Program Lessons to Inform COVID-19 Vaccination

Dixon¹,

Reef²,

Zimmerman³

et al. 2022

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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A s COVID-19 spreads throughout the world, we recall a similar experience of a swiftly spreading respiratory disease over half a century earlier. In 1963, a rubella virus epidemic spread from Europe to the United States, causing great alarm among public health officials. The New York Times reported on February 8, 1964: "GERMAN MEASLES AT EPI-DEMIC RATE; City and State Affected-2,302 Cases Reported Here Since Dec. 1; Virus Is Termed Mild; But Women Are Warned of Danger During First 3 Months of Pregnancy" (1).Although rubella is generally a mild disease, rubella infection during early pregnancy can be devastating. Fetal infection can result in miscarriage, stillbirth, or infants born with life-threatening or disabling congenital malformations, known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). A pregnant woman

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“…Measles and rubella have been verified as eliminated in 81 and 93 countries, respectively, as of 2020. 2,3 Given this fluid global context, Amy Winter and colleagues, in The Lancet Global Health, 4 modelled the probability of achieving measles and rubella elimination between 2018 and 2100 in 93 countries that currently bear the greatest measles and rubella burden. Five independent modelling groups collaborated on this tour-de-force effort to project the annual probability of measles and rubella elimination, conservatively defined in this report as 5 infections per million population, in each country under two different scenarios.…”

Section: Investing In Global Measles and Rubella Elimination Is Neede...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investing in global measles and rubella elimination is needed to avert deaths and advance health equity

Raghunathan

Orenstein

2022

The Lancet Global Health

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Progress Toward Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome Control and Elimination — Worldwide, 2012–2020

Cited by 37 publications

References 5 publications

Roles of TGF-β1 in Viral Infection during Pregnancy: Research Update and Perspectives

Roles of TGF-β1 in Viral Infection during Pregnancy: Research Update and Perspectives

Past as Prologue—Use of Rubella Vaccination Program Lessons to Inform COVID-19 Vaccination

Investing in global measles and rubella elimination is needed to avert deaths and advance health equity

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