Progress Toward Measles Elimination — European Region, 2009–2018

Zimmerman, Laura; Muscat, Mark; Singh, Simarjit; Mamou, Myriam Ben; Janković, Dragan; Datta, Siddhartha Sankar; Alexander, James P.; Goodson, James L.; O’Connor, Patrick

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6817a4

Cited by 39 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Measles elimination in the WHO Region for Europe was already planned for 2010 but has not yet been achieved [1,2]. The number of reported measles cases in the region increased 15 times between 2016 (the year with the lowest number of cases recorded) and 2018 [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles Elimination: Identifying Susceptible Sub-Populations to Tailor Immunization Strategies

Kreidl

Ammerer²,

Würzner

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Measles elimination has been identified as a public health priority in Europe for a long time but has not yet been achieved. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends identification of susceptible sub-populations to target supplementary immunization activities. We used three different sources of information: retrospective samples investigated for measles IgG between 1997 and 2016, vaccine coverage data from the existing electronic registry for birth cohorts 2015 to 1999, and surveillance data from 2009 until 20 July 2019. We calculated susceptibility by birth cohort using seroprevalence data, adjusting vaccine coverage data with reported effectiveness (93% for the first and 97% for the second dose, respectively), and compared it with measles incidence data, aggregated by birth cohorts and districts. Susceptibility levels for persons 10–41 years (birth cohorts 2007–1976) were 10.4% and thus far above the recommended values of WHO (5%). Older birth cohorts were sufficiently protected. Districts with the highest susceptibility estimates corresponded with districts with the highest incidence rates. Birth cohorts with susceptibility levels > 10% showed a 4.7 increased relative risk of having had more than one measles case. We conclude that retrospective serosurveys are a cheap and useful approach in identifying susceptible sub-populations, especially for older birth cohorts whose coverage data remain scarce.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles Elimination: Identifying Susceptible Sub-Populations to Tailor Immunization Strategies

Kreidl

Ammerer²,

Würzner

et al. 2019

Viruses

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“…Earlier recognition of the correct diagnosis and source of infection might have led to better measles control and cost savings [20, 30, 31]. To achieve measles elimination, measures are needed to maintain high-quality surveillance for rapid case detection [32, 33], so clinicians should keep measles in their differential diagnosis of febrile rash illness for rapid case detection. Adults had become the high risk population of measles in Beijing and similar areas [3, 5, 18, 22–26], suggesting that there are immunity gaps to measles among adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles outbreak in an office building in the crowded Metropolis of Beijing, China

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2019

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Although worldwide measles elimination achieved great progress for decades, outbreaks were still reported in certain countries. This study describes the epidemiologic features of a substantial measles outbreak in an office building in Beijing and explores control strategies in a crowded city. Methods We performed descriptive analyses of data on demographic characteristic, laboratory testing and epidemiological information. Results From February 25 to March 28, 2016, 43 outbreak-related measles cases occurred in an office building in Beijing. The total crude attack rate was 1.20% in the building. The age range of patients was 23 to 45 years old, of whom 30 (69.8%) were migrants and 5 (11.6%) were vaccinated but without documentation. The attack rate of the department and the company of the source case was 22.73 and 11.86%, respectively. The attack rate in the building was 1.78%, except for the commercial center on the lower floors, which was 0.34%. Of the 43 measles cases, only 19 cases (53.5%) were reported by hospitals through the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS), and the rest were found through active surveillance. Outbreak response immunization was conducted for 6216 persons. Conclusions Office buildings in crowded metropolis are prone to large-scale measles outbreaks, and require a rapid outbreak response. Early Outbreak response immunization and active surveillance are important strategies to control outbreaks such as the one reported herein.

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“…Measles, which is caused by measles virus (MeV), is a highly contagious disease characterized by fever, maculopapular rash, conjunctivitis, cough and Koplik spots, and other complications include pneumonia, encephalitis, and death [ 1 , 2 ]. The measles vaccine is a highly safe and effective vaccine for controlling and interrupting MeV infection; however, cases of measles have risen to high levels globally in recent years [ 3 – 7 ]. An estimated 110,000 deaths were reported in 2017, most of which were children under 5 years of age [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated expansion of follicular helper T cells in peripheral blood from children with acute measles infection

Shen

Zhang

et al. 2020

BMC Immunol

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Background: Measles outbreaks have threatened the global elimination and eradication of measles in recent years. Measles virus (MeV)-specific antibodies are successful in clearing MeV infection. Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells play a crucial role in promoting antibody production. This study investigated the potential role of Tfh cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from children with acute MeV infection. Results: The frequencies of CXCR5 + CD4 + Tfh, ICOS high Tfh, and PD-1 high Tfh cells in PBMCs and levels of IL-6 and IL-21 in plasma were significantly elevated in patients with acute MeV infection. Moreover, a positive correlation was discovered among the frequency of ICOS high Tfh cells, plasma levels of IL-21 and optical density (OD) values of MeV-specific IgM antibodies in the patients with acute MeV infection. However, elevated plasma MeV-specific NAb titres were not associated with the frequency of Tfh, ICOS high Tfh, or PD-1 high Tfh cells in the patients with acute MeV infection. Conclusion: These results suggest that an elevated Tfh cell frequency and associated molecules possibly play a key role in children with acute MeV infection, which contributes to the prevention and treatment of MeV infection in children.

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Progress Toward Measles Elimination — European Region, 2009–2018

Abstract: The European Region, with a population of approximately 900 million, is one of six WHO regions and consists of 53 countries:

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Measles Elimination: Identifying Susceptible Sub-Populations to Tailor Immunization Strategies

Measles Elimination: Identifying Susceptible Sub-Populations to Tailor Immunization Strategies

Measles outbreak in an office building in the crowded Metropolis of Beijing, China

Elevated expansion of follicular helper T cells in peripheral blood from children with acute measles infection

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