Progress toward a Theoretical Model for Electroporation Mechanism: Membrane Electrical Behavior and Molecular Transport

Weaver, James C.; Barnett, Alan S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-091727-6.50010-1

Cited by 29 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This means that in almost all cells that were electroporated the pores created were larger than the size of the molecules of bleomycin [73]. So, experimental results presented here as well as obtained in other studies [154,156] confirm the theoretical conclusions [104,151,160,161] that increasing the amplitude and/or the duration of the electric pulse increases the number and sizes of pores. Usually, to create larger pores, longer pulses are needed [64,73,104,154,156].…”

Section: Electric Treatment Stage: Evolution Of Pore Populationsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Electroporation of Cell Membranes: The Fundamental Effects of Pulsed Electric Fields in Food Processing

Saulis

2010

Food Eng. Rev.

204

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Using of pulsed electric fields (PEF) for killing of microorganisms in liquid foods is a promising new nonthermal food processing and preservation technology. However, to implement and optimize this technology, a good understanding of the actual mechanisms that govern microbial inactivation by this technique is required. Here, fundamentals of cell electroporation, which is considered as underlying phenomenon of food processing technology, are discussed. The whole process of the cell electroporation (food processing) by PEF is divided into the following four main stages: (1) building the transmembrane potential up by the applied external electric field, (2) creation of small metastable hydrophilic pores, when the transmembrane potential has been built up; (3) evolution of the pore population-the change in the number and/or sizes of poresduring an electric treatment; and (4) post-treatment stage consisting of the processes that take place after the electric treatment (leakage of intracellular compounds, pore shrinkage and disappearance, etc.). The current knowledge of the processes taking place during each of the above stages as well as the factors influencing them is discussed. Theoretical considerations are illustrated with the experimental data available.

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Section: Electric Treatment Stage: Evolution Of Pore Populationsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…12 shows that while electric pulse is on, the pore population evolves by changing both the number and sizes of pores [151,160,161]. For example, modeling studies have revealed that the pulse of nanosecond duration should create smaller pores than the pulse of micro-millisecond duration.…”

Section: Electric Treatment Stage: Evolution Of Pore Populationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Electroporation of Cell Membranes: The Fundamental Effects of Pulsed Electric Fields in Food Processing

Saulis

2010

Food Eng. Rev.

204

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“…For example, optical measurements support the idea that some type of rapid membrane structural rearrangement occurs, coincident with membrane conductance changes, which is consistent with pore formation [Neumann et al, 1992]. This is consistent with theoretical models based on physical interactions, in which an increased transmembrane voltage favors entry of water (large dielectric constant) into the membrane (low dielectric constant) [Abidor et al, 1979;Weaver and Mintzer, 1981;Sugar, 1981]. From a purely physical perspective, membrane [Weaver, 1992].…”

Section: Membrane Structural Changes Are Responsible For Electroporationsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…The appearance of pores is believed to involve the stochastic creation of microscopic pores, with contributions from both "kT energy" (stochastic, associated with fundamental thermal fluctuations) and electrical energy (deterministic, associated with the elevated transmembrane voltage) [Abidor et al, 1979;Weaver and Mintzer, 1981;Sugar, 1981]. These "primary" pores are thought to be transient ( Figure 2).…”

Section: E!ectroporation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As pores are created and then expand, they are believed to have fluctuating sizes. Thus a range of pore sizes (a "pore population") is expected [Barnett and Weaver, 1991;Weaver and Barnett, 1992]. Cell membranes are more complex than artificial planar bilayer membranes, so that interactions of transient aqueous pores with other molecules (e.g., protruding cytoplasmic macromolecules) and cellular structures (e.g., the cytoskeleton) are also possible and may lead to metastable pores which persist long after the membrane discharges (within microseconds of a pulse).…”

Section: E!ectroporation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electroporation in cells and tissues: A biophysical phenomenon due to electromagnetic fields

Weaver¹

1995

Radio Science

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The effect of “strong” electromagnetic fields on cells and tissue can be dramatic but not necessarily harmful. The essentially universal biophysical phenomenon of “electroporation” occurs if an applied field causes the cell transmembrane voltage to reach about 0.5–1 V in a time of microseconds to milliseconds. Ordinarily the cell membrane is a formidable barrier to the transport of ions and charged molecules. However, electroporation results in a large increase in transmembrane conductance, which is believed to be caused by ion transport through temporary membrane openings (“pores”). This high‐conductance state limits the transmembrane voltage and thereby protects the membrane. A large increase in molecular transport generally occurs for the same conditions and allows polar molecules to be introduced into cells. Similar enhanced molecular transport can be caused in living tissues. Not only cell membranes, but also cell layers or even the stratum corneum of human skin can be temporarily altered by the electrical creation of aqueous pathways. The mechanism of electroporation is partially understood, in that the electrical and mechanical behavior of artificial planar bilayer membranes can be described quantitatively by a theoretical model based on transient aqueous pores. More complex behavior in cell membranes may be due to both the complicated shapes of cell membranes and the additional participation of metastable pores and interactions with cell structures. In the case of tissues the situation is even more complex and has only recently begun to be studied but has the prospect of providing a new approach to transporting polar molecules across tissue barriers.

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Transdermal delivery of peptide and protein drugs: An overview

Amsden

Goosen

1995

AIChE Journal

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Progress toward a Theoretical Model for Electroporation Mechanism: Membrane Electrical Behavior and Molecular Transport

Cited by 29 publications

References 45 publications

Electroporation of Cell Membranes: The Fundamental Effects of Pulsed Electric Fields in Food Processing

Electroporation of Cell Membranes: The Fundamental Effects of Pulsed Electric Fields in Food Processing

Electroporation in cells and tissues: A biophysical phenomenon due to electromagnetic fields

Transdermal delivery of peptide and protein drugs: An overview

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