Progress on yttria-stabilized zirconia sensors for hydrothermal pH measurements

Lvov, Serguei N.; Zhou, Xiangyang; Ulmer, Gene C.; Barnes, H. L.; Macdonald, Digby D.; Ulyanov, S.M.; Benning, Liane G.; Grandstaff, David E.; Manna, M.; Vicenzi, Edward P.

doi:10.1016/s0009-2541(03)00033-0

Cited by 48 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The temperature invariance of derivatised AQ-MWCNTs is advantageous compared to other pH sensors which are required for use in elevated temperature environments, for example, those based on electrodes constructed from yttria-stabilised zirconia. [33] Finally, we compared the effect of varying pH at room temperature for molecular anthraquinone in the solution phase versus the AQ-MWCNTs immobilised onto a bppg electrode. Anthraquinone solutions (1 mm) were prepared at each pH and studied using cyclic voltammetry at a bare bppg electrode.…”

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confidence: 99%

Chemical Derivatisation of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Using Diazonium Salts

et al. 2004

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A facile and versatile modification strategy: A chemically activated method of covalently derivatising carbon powder, via the chemical reduction of aryl diazonium salts with hypophosphorous acid, to include the covalent derivatisation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is demonstrated. The specific molecular environments of 1‐anthraquinonyl moieties attached to MWCNTs (see picture) produce interesting effects.

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confidence: 99%

Chemical Derivatisation of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Using Diazonium Salts

et al. 2004

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“…9 The chemical equilibrium occurring outside YSZ membrane and electrode reaction inside YSZ membrane are expressed by equation 1 and equation 2, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the measurements of pH in hightemperature aqueous systems such as nuclear power plants, four types of pH sensors have been proposed, including platinumbased hydrogen electrodes, 1 palladium hydride electrodes, 2,3 metal/metal oxide electrodes, 4,5 and ceramic membrane electrodes (e.g., the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) membrane electrode). [6][7][8][9] In case of hydrogen electrodes, however, it is not easy to practically use them because molecular hydrogen should exist in a test system. 10 For palladium hydride electrodes, they cannot be used in a system containing oxidants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Evaluation of a New High-Temperature pH Sensor for Use in PWR Nuclear Power Plants

Jung¹,

Yeon²

2010

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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A new high-temperature pH sensor has been successfully developed by reforming the internal reference systems of the pH sensors based on oxygen-ion conducting ceramic membrane. The conventional internal reference system, a mixture of Ni and NiO, has been replaced with partially oxidized Ni powders, where Ni and NiO coexist on the surface of particles, in order to avoid the cumbersome mixing step of Ni and NiO particles. The partially oxidized Ni particles were made by oxidizing Ni under air atmosphere at 600 o C and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR spectroscopy. The viability of the pH sensor developed was assessed in boric acid (1000 ppm-B) / lithium hydroxide (1 to 3 ppm-Li) buffer solutions at 280 o C. The pH sensor showed excellent accuracy with a small error less than ±0.2 pH units.

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“…The latter can be either calculated or estimated experimentally, such that the electrode potential value can be evaluated with respect to the SHE scale. The fl ow-through external reference electrode has been used in a cell which had either a platinum (Lvov et al, 1999(Lvov et al, , 2000b or a yttria-stabilized zirconia indicator electrode (Lvov et al, , 2003 for potentiometric measurements up to 400 °C. The potential of this reference electrode was found to be stable within 1-3 mV while the reference solution was pumped through the electrode using a high-pressure chromatography pump.…”

Section: Reference Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At temperatures above 300 °C the Pt(H 2 ) indicator electrode was used in thermocells described in (Lvov et al, 1999(Lvov et al, , 2000b and fl ow-through concentration cells (Sue et al, 2001).…”

Section: Indicator Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%