Progress on the R&amp;#x00026;D of fault current limiters for utility applications

Noë, M.; Steurer, M.; Eckroad, S.; Adapa, R.

doi:10.1109/pes.2008.4596267

Cited by 40 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The continuous growth of energy generation and the worldwide efforts to integrate renewable energy sources in existing grids while maintaining a high level of power quality, result in an ever-increasing need to solve the problem of fault currents [1][2][3][4][5]. One of the proposed solutions, already being integrated at various locations [6][7][8], is a saturated-cores fault current limiter (SCFCL).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each color in the figure represents a different point in time in the half cycle. As the waveform approaches the maximum current, at t → 1 4 f , the core exits the saturation induced by the permanent magnets and reenters saturation in the reversed direction due to → H field induced by the AC coils. While the core experiences a high level of reversed saturation, these fields do not reach the permanent magnets therefore not exposing them to demagnetizing coercive fields.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Design Optimization of a Permanent-Magnet Saturated-Core Fault-Current Limiter

et al. 2019

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Designs of saturated-cores fault current limiters (FCLs) usually implement conducting or superconducting DC coils serving to saturate the magnetic cores during nominal grid performance. The use of coils adds significantly to the operational cost of the system, consuming energy, and requiring maintenance. A derivative of the saturated-cores FCL is a design implementing permanent magnets as an alternative to the DC coils, eliminating practically all maintenance due to its entirely passive components. There are, however, various challenges such as the need to reach deep saturation with the currently available permanent magnets as well as the complications involved in the assembly process due to very powerful magnetic forces between the magnets and the cores. This paper presents several concepts, achieved by extensive magnetic simulations and verified experimentally, that help in maximizing the core saturation of the PMFCL (Permanent Magnet FCL), including optimization of the permanent magnet to core surface ratios and asymmetrical placement of the permanent magnets, both creating an increase in the cores’ magnetic flux at crucial points. In addition, we point to the importance of splitting the AC coils to leave the center core point exposed to best utilize their variable inductance parameters. This paper also describes the stages of design and assembly of a laboratory-scale single phase prototype model with the proposed PMFCL design recommendations, as well as an analysis of real-time results obtained while connecting this prototype to a 220 V grid during nominal and fault states.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Design Optimization of a Permanent-Magnet Saturated-Core Fault-Current Limiter

et al. 2019

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“…T HE continuous growth of energy generation and the worldwide effort to integrate renewable energy sources in existing grids result in a need to solve the problem of fault currents [1]- [4]. Recent R&D projects aiming at developing fault current limiter (FCL) solutions have led to several device demonstrators installed in power facilities [5]- [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Performance of Saturated Cores Fault Current Limiters by Varying Winding Density in the AC Coils

Nikulshin

Wolfus

Friedman

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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Effect of the winding density in the AC coils on the performance of a saturated cores fault current limiter (SCFCL) has been studied, exploiting Finite Element Analysis. For a given design, a fixed number of turns was concentrated at the center of the AC coils limb, resulting in high windings density. The coil length was then increased gradually along the limb, decreasing the winding density and therefore decreasing the coil impedance. However, we found that the ratio between the fault to nominal state impedances increases with decreasing winding density. The results are discussed and explained as originating from the change in the flux linkage of windings in the coil for various core states. In the nominal-state of the SCFCL, the core is saturated and the coupling between the windings is lower, given the lower winding density. However, when the core is desaturated during a fault, the magnetic interaction of the windings with the core strengthens, the coupling between the windings increases and contributes to higher fault-state impedance. Thus, reducing the winding density may serve in increasing the impedance ratio of the device and improving the performance of SCFCLs. The results suggest that the windings density in SCFCLs should be used as a significant design parameter.

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“…Throughout the world, many types of SFCLs have been actively developed for transmission and distribution power systems [1][2][3]. In Korea, LS Industrial Systems (LSIS) and the Korea Electric Power Research Institute (KEPRI) have jointly developed a 22.9 kV hybrid SFCL, a first-peak non-limiting type, through the DAPAS program, and have been testing it at the Gochang Power Test Center of the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%