Progress on source term evaluation of accidental events in the experimental fusion installation ITER

Virot, François; Barrachin, M.; Vola, D.

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2014.12.025

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Nanosized particles are omnipresent, be it in the atmosphere, in the exhaust of motors or in the oceans. Focusing on plasmas, nanoparticles are an unwanted byproduct of fusion devices [1,2] and in plasma reactors used in the semiconductor industry [3]. Plasma aided processes are used to create nanoparticles with unique features [4], like amorphous silicon particles [5], or to embed particles in surfaces [6].…”

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confidence: 99%

In-situ analysis of optically thick nanoparticle clouds

Kirchschlager

Wolf

Greiner

et al. 2017

Applied Physics Letters

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Nanoparticles grown in reactive plasmas and nanodusty plasmas gain high interest from basic science and technology. One of the great challenges of nanodusty plasmas is the in-situ diagnostic of the nanoparticle size and refractive index. The analysis of scattered light by means of the Mie solution of the Maxwell equations was proposed and used as an in-situ size diagnostic during the past two decades. Today, imaging ellipsometry techniques and the investigation of dense, i. e. optically thick nanoparticle clouds demand for analysis methods to take multiple scattering into account. We present the first 3D Monte-Carlo polarized radiative transfer simulations of the scattered light in a dense nanodusty plasma. This technique extends the existing diagnostic methods for the in-situ analysis of the properties of nanoparticles to systems where multiple scattering can not be neglected.

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confidence: 99%

In-situ analysis of optically thick nanoparticle clouds

Kirchschlager

Wolf

Greiner

et al. 2017

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Interest in beryllium and it is hydrides and oxides has been recently renewed in light of its use in the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) as a plasma-facing (first wall) armoring material. − In this case, safety concerns arise from possible release of chemical toxic substances in the event of accidents (for modeling of accidental release source terms), and focus is on beryllium dust characterization, resuspension and filtration. , A better understanding of the properties of these NPs should greatly enhance the efficiency of the methods employed, which to date are largely empirical …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Hydrogenated Beryllium Nanoclusters

2016

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We present the ground state and energetically low structures of BenH2n nanoclusters as predicted using density functional theory (DFT) and employing the M06 meta-hybrid exchange-correlation functional. Results using the M06 functional are benchmarked against high accuracy coupled-cluster CCSD(T) and found to be in excellent agreement. For small values of n, the linear or polymeric form is the lowest energy geometry, while for sizes larger, n > 9 ring type and link type structures are the energetically lowest configurations. This trend has also been observed through ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations at finite temperatures. In addition to the binding energies of the structures we report on polymerization energies, Be-H bond energies with respect to coordination details, hydrogen desorption energies of saturated and oversaturated species, as well as computed infrared spectra of all the ground state and energetically low lying structures presented. Furthermore, we find that the saturated polymeric forms of the nanoclusters cannot retain molecular hydrogen, in contrast to what is expected when zero point energy corrections are not taken into account.

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“…Starting with the postulation of an amount of tritium equal to 1 kg, and 100 kg of dust (that are the today authorized upper limits for ITER), source term evaluation for ITER has been recently made [40] with ASTEC code developed by the French Institut de Radioprotection et Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN) and the German Gesellschaft für Anlagen und Reaktorsicherheit (GSR), that is the European reference code for severe accident simulations in nuclear plants [41]. Also, integrated computer codes widely used in fission field such as MELCOR [42] have been applied to evaluate accident steps and consequences in fusion reactors [43, 44, 45, 46] but a precise estimation on source term inventories as input for the software is still missing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel integrated approach for the hazardous radioactive dust source terms estimation in future nuclear fusion power plants

Poggi

Malizia

Ciparisse

et al. 2016

Heliyon

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An open issue still under investigation by several international entities working on the safety and security field for the foreseen nuclear fusion reactors is the estimation of source terms that are a hazard for the operators and public, and for the machine itself in terms of efficiency and integrity in case of severe accident scenarios. Source term estimation is a crucial key safety issue to be addressed in the future reactors safety assessments, and the estimates available at the time are not sufficiently satisfactory. The lack of neutronic data along with the insufficiently accurate methodologies used until now, calls for an integrated methodology for source term estimation that can provide predictions with an adequate accuracy. This work proposes a complete methodology to estimate dust source terms starting from a broad information gathering. The wide number of parameters that can influence dust source term production is reduced with statistical tools using a combination of screening, sensitivity analysis, and uncertainty analysis. Finally, a preliminary and simplified methodology for dust source term production prediction for future devices is presented.

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Progress on source term evaluation of accidental events in the experimental fusion installation ITER

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

In-situ analysis of optically thick nanoparticle clouds

In-situ analysis of optically thick nanoparticle clouds

Fully Hydrogenated Beryllium Nanoclusters

A novel integrated approach for the hazardous radioactive dust source terms estimation in future nuclear fusion power plants

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